从“丛残小语”到“正史支裔”——文献目录学意义上“小说”概念的确立过程

From“Cong Can Xiao Yu”to“Zheng Shi Zhi Yi”:Establishment Process of the Concept“Novel”in the Field of Bibliography

与后出的文学意义上的“小说”概念不同,文献目录学意义上的“小说”概念一直是中国小说史上的主流概念。“小说”在先秦时作为“丛残小语”应用在诸子典籍中,汉代以后由史学家作为目录学分类部类名称,其含义逐渐衍生为“正史支裔”,到唐代得到确立。通过梳理史志目录和私人著述中“小说”的确立过程和文本特点,可以体察史家对文献目录学意义上“小说”概念的基本认识、自觉规范和潜藏的文化精神,从而对中国“小说”概念有更清晰的把握。

Unlike the literary concept“novel”that emerged later,the concept“novel”in the field of bibliography has always been the mainstream concept in the history of Chinese novels.In ancient times,“novel”was used as“cong can xiao yu”in various classics before the Qin Dynasty.From the Han Dynasty onwards,it was adopted by historians as a classification and categorization term in bibliography.Over time,its meaning gradually evolved into“branch of official history”and was firmly established during the Tang Dynasty.By examining the establishment process and textual characteristics of“novel”in historical records and private writings,we can grasp the historians'fundamental understanding,conscious norms and underlying cultural spirit regarding the concept“novel”in the context of bibliography.This allows for a clearer understanding of the concept“novel”in China.