能源数字化转型如何影响我国出口贸易竞争力

How does the digital transformation of energy affect China’s export trade competitiveness

深入剖析能源数字化转型对出口贸易竞争力的影响,对破解能源危机和“不可能三角”难题、激发科技创新活力、促进要素流动、助力降本增效减污、培育外贸竞争新优势等具有重要意义。通过分析能源数字化转型影响出口贸易竞争力的理论机制,在此基础上实证检验2013—2020年我国30个省份能源数字化转型对出口贸易竞争力的影响,并运用中介和调节效应分别从贸易开放度、营商环境和政府数字关注度等角度对能源数字化转型影响出口贸易竞争力的作用机制进行验证。结果表明:第一,能源数字化转型有利于提高出口贸易竞争力,但存在区域异质性;第二,能源数字化转型基础和转型规模能提高出口贸易竞争力,转型潜力在前期对出口贸易竞争力有一定抑制作用;第三,贸易开放度对能源数字化转型影响出口贸易竞争力方面发挥重要作用;第四,营商环境和政府数字关注度能调节能源数字化转型对出口贸易竞争力的影响。因此,重视能源数字化转型中的数据融通、技术创新和人才培育,通过改善产品结构、优化营商环境、配套政策支持,将更好地提升我国出口贸易竞争力。

An in-depth analysis of the impact of energy digital transformation on export trade competitiveness is of great significance for solving the energy crisis and the“impossible trinity”problem,stimulating the vitality of scientific and technological innovation,promoting the flow of factors,helping to reduce costs,increasing efficiency and reduce pollution,and cultivating new advantages in foreign trade competition.By analyzing the theoretical mechanism of energy digital transformation affecting export trade competitiveness,this paper empirically tests the impact of energy digital transformation on export trade competitiveness of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020,and verifies the mechanism of energy digital transformation affecting export trade competitiveness by using intermediary and regulatory effects on trade openness,business environment,government digital attention and other factors.The results show that first,the digital transformation of energy is conducive to improving the competitiveness of export trade,but there is regional heterogeneity;Second,the basis and scale of energy digital transformation can improve the competitiveness of export trade,and the transformation potential has a certain inhibitory effect on the competitiveness of export trade in the early stage.Third,trade openness plays an important role in the influence of energy digital transformation on export trade competitiveness;Fourth,business environment and government digital attention can adjust the impact of energy digital transformation on export trade competitiveness.Therefore,we should attach importance to data integration,technological innovation and talent cultivation in the digital transformation of energy,and improve the competitiveness of China’s export trade by improving the product structure,optimizing the business environment,and supporting policy.