不同种植方式高油酸花生小气候特征研究

Study on Microclimate Characteristics of High Oleic Acid Peanut Under Different Planting Systems

为研究不同种植方式下高油酸花生小气候特征,于2020年在商丘国家基准气候站内开展花生分期播种试验,试验设计5月6日、5月26日和6月15日3个播期,按垄作和平作两种方式种植。在5月6日播种的垄上、垄下和平作的花生田内安装温湿度自动记录仪,对比分析不同种植方式对农田气温、相对湿度及产量的影响,研究农田温湿度与基准站气象要素的定量关系。结果表明,种植方式不同,花生农田小气候特征存在差异。不同发育期,垄上和垄下气温均高于平作的,且二者之间的差异白天的大于夜间的。下针-饱果期和饱果-成熟期垄上平均气温分别比平作的高0.5℃和0.9℃,日较差分别比平作的高1.1℃和2.1℃;田间相对湿度平作的高于垄上和垄下的,下针-饱果期和饱果-成熟期垄上相对湿度日较差分别比平作的高11.2%和15.3%。典型晴天和多云天,基准站夜间气温高于垄上、垄下和平作的,白天的气温低于垄上、垄下和平作的;阴雨天垄上气温高于垄下、平作和基准站的。3种天气条件下,平作相对湿度高于垄上、垄下和基准站的。高油酸花生小气候与基准站温湿度之间存在显著的一元线性相关关系。3个播期的垄作花生单株荚果数、单株果重和产量均高于平作的,且呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。

The microclimate characteristics of high oleic acid peanut under different planting systems was studied by conducting an experiment in Shangqiu national base station in 2020,including ridge planting and flat planting.The experiment was set up with three sowing periods on May 6,May 26 and June 15.Temperature and humidity automatic recorders were installed in the peanut fields sown on May 6 on ridge,between ridge and flat crop.The impacts of different planting systems on temperature,relative humidity and yield,as well as the relationship between temperature and humidity of different stations were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the change of planting system had an impact on the peanut microclimate characteristics.The temperature of on and off ridges was higher than that of flat planting at different developmental stages,and the difference was greater during the daytime than at night.The average temperature of on the ridge planting during the needle-full fruit and full fruit maturity was 0.5℃and 0.9℃higher than that of the flat planting,and the daily difference was 1.1℃and 2.1℃higher than that of the flat planting,respectively.The relative humidity of flat planting was higher than that of on and off ridge planting during the needle-full fruit and full fruit maturity.The daily difference of relative humidity on the ridge planting during the needle-full fruit and full fruit maturity was 11.2%and 15.3%higher than of the flat planting,respectively.On typical sunny and cloudy days,the temperature of base station was higher than on,off ridge and flat planting at night and lower during the daytime.The temperature of on the ridge was higher than that off ridge,flat planting and base station in rainy days.The relative humidity of flat planting was higher than that of on,off ridge planting and base station under all weather conditions.There was a significant one-dimensional linear correlation between temperature and relative humidity of high oleic peanut microclimate and base station.In three sowing periods,the number of pods per plant,fruit weight per plant and yield of ridge planting peanut were higher than that of flat planting,and they showed highly significant differences(P<0.01).