顶坛花椒种子育苗的方法研究

A seedling treatment of Zanthoxylum planispimum var.dintanensis

以贵州特色经济林树种顶坛花椒成熟种子为研究对象,从种源种子上浮率、种子外形、种子处理方式、不同时期发芽特性进行比较,以期掌握顶坛花椒种子发芽特性及育苗方法,为顶坛花椒的育苗与高效栽培提供参考。结果表明:优质花椒种子是提高顶坛花椒发芽率的关键,优良母树种子上浮率显著较低;顶坛花椒种子外形上圆粒种子发芽率显著高于半粒种子;种子处理上,顶坛花椒对碱液等试剂处理较为敏感,清水浸泡种子12 h,采用肥皂水搓洗至种皮失去光泽、表面呈现网状结构,清水冲洗干净后再清水浸泡36 h后播种。该方法种子发芽率较高,种子处理时间较短,用肥皂水搓洗替代了碱液浸泡,保持了种子活力,易于生产中使用。

Zanthoxylum planispimum var.dintanensis is one of the most typical tree species for the ecological restoration in the Guizhou Karst Plateau of south China.The ecological and economic tree species can greatly contribute to the water and soil conservation,hydrological regulation,as well as seasoning product supply in the management of rocky desertification.This study aims to explore the germination characteristics and seedling methods for the unique tree species of economic forest in Guizhou Province.Taking the mature seeds as the research object,a full comparison was also made on the floating rate of different seed sources.A systematic investigation was implemented to clarify the germination characteristics of different seed shape types under seed treatments in the different periods.The results showed that the high-quality seeds were dominated to improve the germination rate of Zanthoxylum planispimum var.dintanensis.Specifically,there was the significantly lower seed floating rate of seed trees after excellent collection.Among them,the seed germination rate of round seed was outstandingly higher than that of half round seed.Therefore,some recommendations were proposed for the better performance of the seed treatments.Firstly,the seeds were soaked in water for 12 hours,and then scrubbed with the soapy water until the surface of the seed coat lost the luster for the net structure.Finally,the seeds were sown after the removal of the soapy water for the soaking in water for 36 hours.As such,the better performance was achieved in the high seed germination rate,while the short seed treatment time.More importantly,the scrubbed operation with the soapy water was better remained the seed activity,compared with the lye.Anyway,the new treatment can be easy to use in the production of seedling for Zanthoxylum planispimum var.dintanensis.The finding can also provide a strong reference for the high-efficient seedling and cultivation of Zanthoxylum planispimum var.dintanensis.