产教融合人才培养影响要素的扎根研究:要素制度化及其组态效应的发现

Grounded Study on Influencing Factors of the Talent Cultivation Based on the Integration between Industry and Education:Institutionalization of Factors and Discovery of Configuration Effects

卓越工程师培养过程中,产教融合有效机制的设计及运行是缓解人才培养“两张皮”、提升工科生培养质量的有效路径。为探索产教融合人才培养的有效方案,本研究选取了17个产教融合人才培养典型项目进行扎根分析,发现“学科属性”“企业属性”和“企业参与程度”是产教融合人才培养重要的“项目动因”,基于该动因的不同组合,产教双方需要对“学业指导”“资源共享”“平台建设”等“项目举措”进行有机设计,进而达到提升“培养成效”的目的。进一步地,结合制度理论,研究发现要素的制度化程度极大程度上影响产教融合人才培养成效,包括学业指导制度化程度、资源共享制度化程度和平台建设制度化程度等,且发现了要素间的组态效应。研究建议:面向卓越工程师培养,产教双方应主动回应产教融合人才培养的多种需求实施分类发展,围绕主导目标甄选产教融合人才培养的合作伙伴,建设开放型组织推动多层次产教融合人才培养良性合作机制的形成等。

In the process of cultivating excellent engineers,the design and operation of the effective mechanism of the integration between industry and education is an effective way to alleviate the phenomenon of“two skins”and improve the quality of engineering students’cultivation.In order to explore an effective plan for the talent cultivation based on the integration between industry and education,this study selected 17typical projects for a grounded analysis.It is found that“subject attribute”,“enterprise attribute”and“enterprise participation degree”are the important“project motivation”for the talents cultivation based on the integration between industry and education.According to different combinations of motivations,both sides of industry and education will organically design“project measures”such as“academic guidance”,“resource sharing”and“platform construction”,so as to achieve the purpose of improving“cultivation effectiveness”.Further,combined with the institutional theory,our study found that the degree of institutionalization of factors greatly affects the effect of industry-education integrated talent cultivation,including the degree of institutionalization of academic guidance,the degree of institutionalization of resource sharing and the degree of institutionalization of platform construction.In addition,there was a configuration effect among the factors.The final suggestions of this study are as follows:for excellent engineers,both sides of industry and education should take the initiative to respond to the diverse needs of industry-education integrated talent cultivation and implement classified development,select partners for industry-education integrated talent cultivation based on the leading goals,and build open organizations to promote the formation of a benign cooperation mechanism for multi-level industry-education integrated talent cultivation.