工科本科生解决复杂工程问题能力评价模型

Models for Evaluating Undergraduate Engineering Students’Ability to Solve Complex Engineering Problems

培养解决复杂工程问题能力是工程教育的重要目标之一,但对如何评价该能力,高校和工程教育专业认证组织尚未建立成熟的标准,相关理论研究与实践探索有待深入。通过德尔菲法构建工科本科生解决复杂工程问题的能力评价指标体系,其包含5个一级指标和33个二级指标;运用层次分析法给指标赋权;基于该指标体系对120名工科应届毕业生进行模糊综合评价。研究结果显示:解决复杂工程问题能力是包含多项能力的高层次认知操作序列,由发现问题、表征问题、设计方案、实施方案、评价与改良五种能力构成;设计方案和实施方案是关键评价指标,探索精神、多学科和交叉学科知识应用、系统思维、方案比较与优化意识、持续改进理念、职业道德修养和实验技能是相对重要的评价点;样本高校学生解决复杂工程问题能力总体处于中等水平,工程设计能力良好,发现问题与实施方案能力偏弱,与技术能力相比,非技术能力亟待提高。

Cultivating students’ability to solve complex engineering problems is one of the most important goals for engineering education.However,as to how to evaluate this ability,higher education institutions and engineering education accreditation organizations have not yet established mature evaluation criteria and associate methods as well as tools.More theoretical research and practical explorations are needed for developing effective and efficient evaluation approaches.Therefore,this paper applies Delphi method to construct an evaluation index system to assess students’ability for solving complex engineering problems,the evaluation index system consists of c2A 5primary indicators and 33 secondary indicators;the hierarchical analysis is used to assign weights to each indicator;the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is carried out to obtain the evaluation results.A case study of 120engineering graduates based on the evaluation index system was conducted,the results of the study showed that the ability to solve complex engineering problems is a high-level cognitive-operational sequence with five types of abilities:problem identification,problem characterization,solution design,solution implementation,and evaluation and improvement;the design and implementation of solutions are key evaluation indicators,and the spirit of exploration,the application of multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary knowledge,systematic thinking,the awareness of solution comparison and optimization,the concept of continuous improvement,professional ethics and experimental skills are relatively important evaluative criteria;students l483.’ability to solve complex engineering problems in the case study university is generally at a medium level,their engineering design ability is good,but the ability to find problems and implement solutions is relatively weak,in comparison with students’technical ability,their non-technical ability needs to be improved.