论算法教学策略的四个层次

On the Four Levels of Algorithm Teaching Strategy

算法很重要,但算法难教是学界公认的事实。首先,文章从一般的方法层面来探讨算法如何教的问题,将算法教学策略分为知、用、效、美四个层次,分别对应化难为易、学以致用、趣用并举、悟算法美四个指导思想。“知”是第一层次,主要解决算法教学入门难的问题,可采用直观教学、情境教学等策略;“用”是第二层次,主要解决算法知识如何用的问题,可采用基于问题的教学、案例教学以及面向算法竞赛的教学等策略;“效”是第三层次,主要解决算法教学如何做到趣味性和实用性并重的问题,主要采用人工智能游戏教学;“美”是第四层次,主要解决算法教学的美学价值如何实现的问题,可采用启发式教学、体验式教学和讨论式教学等策略。其次,根据四个层级的关系构建了算法教学策略的双螺旋层次模型。最后,就高校算法类通识课教学提出了策略选用:通权达变;目标达成:循序渐进;教学能力:术道兼修;智慧养成:一以贯之四条建议。

Algorithm is very important,but it is a recognized fact that algorithm is difficult to teach.Firstly,this paper discusses how to teach algorithms from the perspective of general methods,and divides algorithm teaching strategies into four levels:knowledge,use,efficiency,and beauty,respectively corresponding to the four guiding ideas of“difficult to make easy,learning to apply,fun to use,and understanding algorithm beauty”.“Knowledge”is the first level,which mainly solves the problem of difficult introduction of algorithm teaching,and can adopt such strategies as intuitive teaching and situational teaching;“Use”is the second level,which mainly solves the problem of how to use algorithm knowledge.It can adopt problem-based teaching,case teaching and teaching oriented to algorithm competition;“Efficiency”is the third level,which mainly solves the problem of how to make algorithm teaching interesting and practical,and mainly uses AI game teaching;“Beauty”is the fourth level,which is mainly used to solve the problem of how to realize the aesthetic value of algorithm teaching.Strategies such as heuristic teaching,experiential teaching and discussion teaching can be adopted.Secondly,the double helix model of algorithm teaching strategy is constructed according to the relationship of four levels.Finally,four suggestions are put forward for the teaching of general knowledge courses of algorithm in colleges and universities:adopting the right to change,achieving the goal:step by step,teaching ability:learning both skills and methods,and cultivating wisdom:to be consistent.