乾隆款千字文仿古玉器新探——兼论乾隆皇帝的制玉追求

On The‘One-Thousand-Character-Text Archaized Jades with Qianlong's Reign Mark’and Emperor Qianlong's Perception on the Making of Jade Artifacts

千字文玉器是乾隆仿古玉器中极为特殊的一个类别。以往观点认为镌刻千字文序号和“乾隆年制”款识玉器最大序号不超过二百,笔者通过爬梳档案、比对实物,梳理出多家博物馆藏66件乾隆款千字文仿古玉器,目前所知最大序号为景字二百一号,制作时间下限可到乾隆皇帝为太上皇帝期间。本文着力分析了这些千字文仿古玉器的造型、纹饰及所仿“古物”原型,探讨千字文仿古玉器的制作情况,并对以旧玉改制的千字文玉器进行考证,以进一步剖析乾隆皇帝的制玉追求。

The analysis based on the 66 pieces of‘One-Thousand-Character-Text Archaized Jades with Qianlong's Reign Mark’of the museums,i.e.,which each bear a serial number corresponding to the character sourced from the‘One-Thousand-Character Text’on one side and the mark of‘Made in Qianlong's Reign’on the other side,finds‘景numbered 201’to be the largest in the serial number of the characters ever discovered.The jade with‘景numbered 201’was made in the period of Emperor Jiaqing's(嘉庆))reign when Emperor Qianlong(乾隆)was already retired from the throne,which is the case in point that turns over the idea of the scholars that the serial number is up to 200 at most.The type of‘onethousand-character-text jades’is also discussed concerning shape,motif and model,jadeprocessing in antique style,modifying old jades and Emperor Qianlong's philosophy on the making of jade artifacts in the thesis.