钟敬文与“人民口头创作”:因缘、调适与影响

Zhong Jingwen and"People's Oral Creation":Relationship,Adjustment,and Influence

20世纪50年代,为了适应“学苏联”的社会主潮,钟敬文积极将“人民口头创作”这一概念引入中国。在这一过程中,左翼革命的理想主义,民族主义的立场,他自身实证主义的知识结构,以及中国本土的文明传统的事实深刻影响了他对这一概念的认知。出于新文艺建设的需要,他注重“人民口头创作”的应用价值。在实际的概念界定、理论建构和教学实践中,他又充分顾及了中国本土的特殊性和独立学科构建的需要,对“人民口头创作”做了调适,力图构建更具本土化、实证色彩与开放性的学科体系。理论的本土化过程显示出钟敬文在政治与学术间保持平衡的努力以及由此产生的理论冲突,体现了中国民间文艺发展在“为学术”与“为文艺”两种学科目的之间的张力。

In the 1950s,following the social trend of"learning from the Soviet Union",Zhong Jingwen actively introduced"people's oral creation"into China.In this process,the idealism of the left-wing revolution,nationalism,his own positivism knowledge structure and the facts of Chinese civilization profoundly affected his understanding of this concept.For the needs of the construction of new literature and art,he emphasized the application value of"people's oral creation",while in the actual definition of concepts,theoretical construction,and teaching practice,he took into full account the unique characteristics of China,with some adjustments of his"people's oral creation",in order to build a more localized,empirical,and open disciplinary system.In the process of theoretical localization,it can be seen that Zhong Jingwen's efforts to maintain a balance between politics and academia,as well as the resulting theoretical conflicts,reflect the tension between the academic and the literary purposes of Chinese folk literature research.