钟敬文的口头文学观及其现实意义

Zhong Jingwen's View of Oral Literature and Its Practical Significance

钟敬文在与一般文学的对照中,确立了以“特殊文学”为底色的口头文学观,涵盖体裁、文本、传统等方面。这里的“特殊”具有多面性,口头与书面、形式与内容、文本与田野都是解析“特殊”的维度,在这张“特殊”之网中,人、语境与传统共同构成了口头文学的生态系统。结合中国口头文学保存有大量历史文献和近现代记录文本的实际情况,钟敬文提出了不同于非西方无文字社会的口头传统研究,也不同于一般文艺学取向的研究理路,实现了对口头文学的整体性关照。这些理论创见隐含着向学术与文艺双重目的的回归,也代表着其口头文学观的未来指向,在今天具有极为重要的现实意义。

In contrast to general literature,Zhong Jingwen developed a view of oral literature based on"special literature",which includes genres,texts,traditions and other aspects.The"special"here has multiple dimensions,such as oral and written,form and content,text and fieldwork.In this"special"network,people,context and tradition jointly form the ecosystem of oral literature.Combined with the fact that Chinese oral literature has a large number of historical documents and modern recorded texts,Zhong Jingwen proposed a research approach that differs from the oral tradition studies of non-Western small scale societies,as well as from the general literary theory orientation,realizing the overall care of oral literature.These theoretical innovations imply a return to the dual goals of academics and art,and also represent the future direction of his view of oral literature,which is of great practical significance today.