滇西北冷杉属植物结实特性及种子特征研究

Fruiting and Seed Characteristics of Abies in Northwest Yunnan

探究滇西北冷杉属(Abies)植物的结实特性和种子特征及其变异模式,为促进冷杉林的更新及恢复提供材料支持和理论依据。收集滇西北分布7种冷杉的标本及球果,分析种子形态特征、种子生活力和结实特性,探究其种间及地区间差异。结果发现:滇西北7种冷杉种子的长、宽、厚分别是6.04~10.22、2.03~3.32、1.26~2.24 mm,千粒质量是4.26~30.50 g,千粒质量与种子长度、宽度、厚度均显著相关(r>0.8,P<0.01)。滇西北7种冷杉的种子饱满率、虫蚀粒率和空秕粒率的平均值分别为27.51%、4.92%和67.58%,种子饱满率不高、空秕粒和虫蚀粒严重。野外调查发现大多数云南黄果冷杉(Abies ernestii var.salouenensis)均未结球果,且仅收集得到一棵树的球果,因此在本文中未进行比较分析。滇西北其余6种冷杉的虫蚀粒率在不同种之间(P=0.750)和不同地区之间(P=0.204)均没有显著差异,饱满率(P=0.005)和空秕粒率(P=0.007)均存在种间差异,而种子生活力存在种间(P=0.008)及地区间(P=0.036)差异,因此冷杉种子生活力同时受物种特性及环境因素的影响。

To explore the fruiting characteristics and seed characteristics and their variation patterns of Abies species distributed in Northwest Yunnan,and to provide material support and theoretical basis for promoting the regeneration and restoration of Abies forest,the specimens and cones of seven Abies species distributed in Northwest Yunnan were collected and identified,and the seed morphological characteristics,seed viability,and fruiting characteristics were analyzed,and then the differences among species and regions were explored separately.The results showed that the length,width and thickness of seeds of seven Abies species in Northwest Yunnan were 6.04-10.22 mm,2.03-3.32 mm and 1.26-2.24 mm,respectively,and the thousand-grain weight was 4.26-30.50 g.The thousand-grain weight was significantly correlated with seed length,width and thickness(r>0.8,P<0.01).The average rates of plump,empty and insect-eaten seeds of seven Abies species in Northwest Yunnan were 27.51%,4.92%and 67.58%,respectively.The rate of plump seed was low,and that of empty and insect-eaten seeds was high.Abies ernestii var.salouenensis was not further analyzed in this article due to field investigations revealing that most of them had no cone and only one tree’s cones were collected in this study.For the other six species,the rate of insect-eaten seeds did not differ significantly between species(P=0.750),or between regions(P=0.204).However,there were interspecies differences in the rate of plump seeds(P=0.005)and empty seeds(P=0.007).There were interspecific(P=0.008)and interregional(P=0.036)differences in Abies seed viability.Therefore,seed viability of Abies was affected by both species characteristics and environmental factors.