基于实测数据的海杂波与海面小目标特征分析

Analysis of Sea Clutter and Small Target Characteristics Based on Measured Data

目标特性是雷达目标检测识别等精细化处理的基础。设计检测器主要是设计1个检测统计量,使之在有无目标时有尽可能大的差别。经典的检测主要用幅度特性、相关性等。利用X波段雷达2~5级海况下航道浮标实测数据,分别对比分析海况连续变化下海杂波和海面小目标的时间相关性、空间相关性、相对平均幅度(Relative Average Amplitude,RAA)、相对多普勒峰高(Relative Doppler Peak Height,RDPH)和相对多普勒向量熵(Relative Vector Entropy,RVE)5种特征的变化情况。大量实测数据验证表明,随着海况等级增加,海杂波与海面小目标的时空强相关数值逐渐变小:2~5级海况下,RAA具有较好的可区分性;2~3级海况下,RDPH据有较好的可区分性,4~5级海况下区分效果不理想;5级海况下,RVE的具有较好的可分效果。结论对于海杂波背景下雷达目标特征检测方法优化设计具有重要意义。

Target characteristics are the basis of fine processing such as radar target detection and identification,the design of the detector is mainly to design a detection statistic so that there is as much difference as possible when there is no target,classic detection mainly with amplitude characteristics,correlation,etc.Using the measured data of channel buoys under X-band radar sea state level 2~5,temporal correlation,spatial correlation,relative average amplitude,relative Doppler peak height and relative Doppler vector entropy of sea clutter and small targets under continuous sea state changes are compared and analyzed respectively.A large number of measured data show that with the increase of sea state level,the spatiotemporal strong correlation between sea clutter and small targets on the sea surface gradually decreases.Under the sea state level 2~5,the relative average amplitude has good distinguishability.Under the sea state level 2~3,the relative Doppler peak height has good distinguishability,and the discrimination effect is not ideal under the sea state level 4~5.Under the sea state level 5,the entropy of the relative Doppler vector has a good separable effect.It is concluded that it is of great significance for the optimization design of radar target feature detection method under the background of sea clutter.