古希腊与中国春秋时期音乐文化之嬗变的哲学解释学分析——兼论音乐文化对生活世界和谐重构的意义

A Philosophical Hermeneutic Study on Transformations of Music Cultures in Ancient Greece and China’s Spring and Autumn Period——Significance of Music Culture on Reconstructing of a Harmonious World

从哲学解释学看,俄耳甫斯之被撕碎,实质上是缪斯和俄耳甫斯主导的音乐文化之统一的裂变,以及音乐与诗、悲剧、喜剧、哲学等之分道而行。中国春秋时期的礼崩乐坏,也不仅是原有的基于礼乐的文化统一的瓦解,同时也意味着新的音乐出现和繁荣,“礼崩乐坏”之同时也发生了“礼崩乐盛”,其标志就是以《乐记》为代表的音乐哲学的成就,以及后来哲学上的百家争鸣。故二者既是分裂,也是分道而行。其如此盖因“俄耳甫斯被撕碎”和“礼崩乐坏”之后,柏拉图与孔子在哲学中庇护、挽救了音乐,并把音乐对文化的主导和统一提升到新高度,即:最高的哲学即音乐,最伟大的音乐即哲学。现代以来,世界似乎经历了又一次“撕裂”和“礼崩乐坏”,如新冠肺炎爆发以来世界所发生的变化。沿着柏拉图与孔子的道路,弘扬音乐文化与音乐哲学,像萨义德和巴伦博伊姆所做的那样,也许有助于拯救和重建世界和谐。

From the perspective of philosophical hermeneutics,the dismemberment of Orpheus in Greek myth and destruction of rituals and music in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinas ancient history respectively stood for the disintegration of the music culture of ancient Greek and Chinese culture and also signify the emergence and flourishing of the new music.In Greece,epic,tragedy,comedy,and even philosophy in Greece derived from music while in China the Contention among the One Hundred Schools of Thought appeared and Book of Music was published.In other words,there have been both splitting and the parting of ways.Then,with their philosophies,Plato and Confucius preserved the culture of music and elevated it to a higher levelregarding the supreme philosophy as music,and vice versa.Nowadays,the world seems to have undergone another dismemberment of Orpheus and destruction of rituals and music,such as the changes after the outbreak of COVID19.Following the philosophical paths opened by Plato and Confucius,upholding and developing musical culture and the philosophy of music,as Edward Said and Daniel Barenboim have done,perhaps will help reconstruct a harmonious world.