温压炸药爆炸冲击波传播规律及其后燃效应的理论与数值研究

Theoretical and numerical study on the propagation law of shock wave and post-combustion effect of thermobaric explosive

温压炸药在高爆炸药爆炸后,内含的金属粉末在爆轰产物作用下发生后燃反应并持续释热,同时产生压力效应和热效应对目标造成毁伤,对周围人员和设备构成严重威胁。基于可压缩Navier-Stokes方程、欧拉-拉格朗日颗粒多相流模型、气相物质组分运输与化学反应动力学模型,建立了综合描述温压炸药高速可压流动、金属粉末抛洒、金属粉末爆燃等复杂作用过程的理论模型与数值计算方法。在此基础上,利用Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL)能量释放模型计算原理,分别建立了20L爆炸球内金属粉末爆燃,以及自由场、坑道内温压炸药爆炸的数值计算模型,通过数值模拟结果与试验结果数据比较,验证了所构建的理论和数值模型的准确性。利用数值模拟的计算结果,分析了温压炸药爆炸冲击波特性及其后燃效应。最后应用该模型进行了超大当量温压炸药爆炸实例数值模拟,为温压爆炸冲击波的传播规律研究和对应的防护设计提供了一定参考。

After the detonation of high explosive,the metal powder contained in the thermobaric explosive will have a post-combustion reaction under the action of detonation products and release heat continuously.At the same time,the pressure effect and thermal effect will cause damage to the target and pose a serious threat to the surrounding personnel and equipment.A comprehensive theoretical model and numerical calculation method are developed to describe the complex interaction processes involved in high-speed compressible flow of thermobaric explosives,dispersion of metal powder and deflagration of metal powder.The model is based on the compressible Navier-Stokes equations,the Euler-Lagrange particle multiphase flow model,and the transport and chemical reaction kinetics model for gas-phase material components.On this basis,using the Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL)energy release model,numerical calculation models are established for metal powder detonation in a 20L explosive ball and the explosion of thermobaric explosives in free field and tunnel.The accuracy of the constructed theory and numerical model is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimental data.Based on the numerical simulation results,the characteristics of blast shock wave and its afterburning effect are analyzed.Finally,the results of numerical simulations are utilized to analyze the characteristics of shock waves and post-combustion effects in thermobaric explosives,which provides a certain reference for the research on the propagation law of thermobaric explosion shock wave and the corresponding protection design.