不同种源油桐苗期生长性状变异及其地理种源模式研究

Experimental Study on Seedling Fitness of Nine Species Sources of Vernicia fordii in Shangrao

【目的】为提升上饶油桐树种质量,试验筛选适宜上饶信州区生长的油桐优良品种。【方法】2019年10月于赣东的抚州,赣南的龙南,赣西的丰城和分宜,赣北的上饶朝阳、上饶广丰、上饶德兴和上饶万年,赣中的吉安9个区域采集不同种源的种子,于2020年3月播种于上饶市信州区苗木基地,4月中旬将幼苗移栽入容器袋内,5月上旬每个种源随机选取30株苗木挂牌标记,每隔10d对苗高和地径进行测定至10月底。【结果】不同油桐种源生长情况存在差异,分宜县油桐种源一年生苗木生长最高,平均高达186.8 cm,上饶万年县种源一年生苗木生长速度最慢,平均高为92 cm;不同种源一年生油桐苗木地径生长中,上饶广丰区的油桐地径最粗壮,达1.86 cm,而吉安地径生长最小为1.19 cm;不同种源苗高和地径都存在显著差异,但与地理-气候因子相关性不显著,该地理种源变异模式为随机变异,苗高净增长量出现的最高峰时间段以及净增长量与经度和纬度成显著负相关性。【意义】通过苗高和地径综合分析,分宜、抚州、龙南和上饶广丰4个种源较适合在上饶信州地区种植。试验所得结论为上饶市信州区量产油桐选育优良品种提供数据参考。

[Objective]In order to improve the quality of Vernicia fordii species in Shangrao,the best varieties of Vernicia fordii suitable for growing in Xinzhou District of Shangrao were screened.[Method]In October 2019,seeds of different provenances were collected from Fuzhou in eastern Jiangxi Province,Longnan in southern Jiangxi Province,Fengcheng and Fenyi in western Jiangxi Province,Chaoyang,Guangfeng,Dexing and Wanian in northern Jiangxi Province,and Ji'an in central Jiangxi Province.Seeds were then sown in the seedling base of Xinzhou District in Shangrao in March 2020,and seedlings were transplanted into the container bags in mid-April.Thirty seedlings from each provenance were randomly selected for labeling in early May,and the seedling height and ground diameter were measured every 10 days until the end of October.[Result]There were significant differences in the growth of different Vernicia fordii provenances.The highest growth rate of annual Vernicia fordii provenances occurred in the seedlings of Fenyi County,with an average height of 186.8 cm,while the slowest growth rate,with an average height of 92 cm,occurred in that of Wannian County in Shangrao.The ground diameter growth of annual Vernicia fordii seedlings from different provenances was 1.86 cm in that of Guangfeng District,while the smallest was 1.19 cm in that of Ji’an.There were significant differences in the seedling height and ground diameter among different provenances,but there was no significant correlation with geo-climate factors.The variation pattern of geographical provenances was random variation,and the peak time period of the net increase of the seedling height was significantly negatively correlated with the longitude and latitude.Through the comprehensive analysis of the seedling height and ground diameter,provenances from Fenyi,Fuzhou,Longnan and Guangfeng were more suitable for planting in Xinzhou District of Shangrao.[Significance]The results of the experiment provided data references for the selection and breeding of fine varieties of Vernicia fordii in Xinzhou District of Shangrao.