广州市未成年人家庭教育现状与发展路径研究

Research on Current Situation and Development Approaches in Minor-Oriented Family Education in Guangzhou

2022年《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》正式施行,标志着我国家庭教育工作由“家事”变为“国事”,在法律层面明确了父母或者其他监护人应当承担对未成年人实施家庭教育的主体责任。为了更好地推动广州市未成年人家庭教育工作高质量发展,本文通过使用李克特五级量表从未成年人教育主体责任认知、家庭内部分工、家庭教育开展等维度编制了调查问卷,以此为研究工具对广州市番禺、海珠、白云等11个区的中小学、幼儿园、早教机构教师及学生家长进行了调查,发现广州市家庭教育工作存在诸多问题,如部分人群对未成年人教育责任存在认知偏差,父亲角色在家庭教育中缺位,政府和学校提供的家庭教育服务不足,等等。针对这些问题,本文提出了广州市未成年人家庭教育高质量发展的实现路径:加强宣传,落实家长主体责任意识;体系建设,构建“家校社”协同育人机制;增加供给,建立家庭教育指导服务平台;制定标准,规范家庭教育工作;多方协同,加强协同育人课程体系建设。

The Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China came into effect in 2022,upgrading the issue of family education from a private affair to a national concern.The Law stipulates that parents or other guardians shall assume the primary responsibility for the implementation of family education for minors.In an endeavor to promote the high-quality development of family education for minors in Guangzhou,this paper complied a Likert-five-scale questionnaire covering such dimensions as cognition of the primary responsibility of minors'education,the labor division in the family,and the implementation of family education,and instrumented this tool to poll teachers and parents of primary and secondary schools,kindergartens,and early childhood education institutions in 11 districts of Guangzhou,including Panyu,Haizhu,and Baiyun.Findings revealed some problems in family education in Guangzhou,such as lack of sense of responsibility for family education among some people,father's role absence in family education,short of family educational supply services provided by the government and schools,and so on.In view of these problems,this paper puts forward the ways to realize the high-quality development of family education for minors in Guangzhou:strengthening the publicity to raise parents'awareness of primary responsibility,building up a family-school community as collaborative educational mechanism,increasing supply and establishing a family education guidance service platform,formulating standards and standardizing family education,and cooperating in many ways to strengthen the construction of collaborative education curriculum system.