戊型肝炎病毒研究进展

Research Progress of Hepatitis E Virus

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是单股正链RNA病毒,主要经粪口途径在人和动物间传播。HEV感染已经成为全球性的公共卫生问题,多流行于卫生条件较差的地区。尽管HEV感染多为自限性,但仍有较高几率导致孕妇以及妊娠动物发生流产甚至死亡,并且越来越多的证据表明其可导致诸如神经系统症状等在内的肝外损伤。HEV作为一种人畜共患病原,具有广泛的宿主适应性,对猪、兔等经济动物的健康造成了较大威胁,同时也危害人类动物性食品安全,因此,有关HEV流行和感染机制的研究成为公共卫生和医学领域的热点问题。近年,随着HEV体外培养和动物模型探索成果的相继问世,HEV的生活史及其致病机制也有了新的研究进展。本文综合近年来HEV相关的研究进展,对其流行病学、分类、致病机制、研究模型以及面临的问题等进行简要阐述。

Hepatitis E virus(HEV),a single stranded positive RNA virus,can cause hepatitis E(HE)in both human and animal by fecal-oral route,which is prevalent almost all over the world but has a higher incidence rate in areas with poor sanitation.As a zoonotic pathogen,HEV has a wide range of host adaptability and poses a great threat to the health of economic animals as well as the safety of animal-origin foods.Although the infection is mostly self-limiting,there is still a high risk of abortion or even death in gravida and pregnant animals.Therefore,the research on the epidemic and infection mechanism of this virus has become a hot-point issue in public health community.With the development of in vitro culture and animal model of HEV in recent years,the research on life history and pathogenesis of HEV has reach a new level.In this paper,the epidemiology,classification,pathogenesis,research model and problems of HEV are briefly described based on recent progress.