健康生活方式指导员社区健康促进效果评估

Effectiveness assessment on healthy lifestyle instructor in community health promotion

目的评估健康生活方式指导员在社区健康促进中发挥的作用。方法采取简单随机抽样法抽取20个健康社区,在社区中招募1名健康生活方式指导员,每名健康生活方式指导员招募10名社区居民作为干预组,采取1∶1匹配原则选择10名居民作为对照组。干预组居民参加为期1年的社区健康促进活动。比较干预前后干预组及对照组居民的健康知识、信念、行为及健康状况。结果干预后,干预组居民健康知识知晓率为64.4%,显著高于干预前的51.3%(χ^(2)=164.82,P<0.05),也显著高于干预后对照组的50.7%(χ^(2)=179.331,P<0.05)。干预前,2组居民健康信念比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.313,P>0.05)。干预后,干预组居民健康信念强于干预前(Z=-2.404,P<0.05),且强于干预后对照组(Z=-2.466,P<0.05)。干预后,干预组居民采取过减盐减油减糖措施的人数比例、平均每天吃食物种类、吃新鲜蔬菜频率均较对照组干预后显著提高(χ^(2)/t/Z=27.869,2.178,-2.152;P<0.05)。干预后,干预组居民甘油三酯正常的人数比例及高密度脂蛋白正常的人数比例均显著高于干预后对照组(χ^(2)=4.593,4.031;P<0.05),甘油三酯水平显著低于对照组(t=-2.366,P<0.05)。结论通过健康生活方式指导员实施健康干预,社区居民在健康知识、健康信念、行为习惯及健康状况上都有显著提高或改善。健康生活方式指导员社区健康干预是一种有效的、可推广的健康促进适宜技术。

Objective This paper aims to evaluate the role of healthy lifestyle instructors in community health promotion.Methods A total of 20 healthy communities were selected by simple random sampling.One healthy lifestyle instructor was recruited by each community,10 community residents were recruited from each healthy lifestyle instructor as the interven-tion group,and 10 residents were selected as the control group by 1∶1 matching.Residents in the intervention group partic-ipated in a 1-year community health promotion campaign.Health knowledge,beliefs,behaviors,and health status were compared between residents in the intervention and control groups before and after intervention.Results After interven-tion,the residents'awareness rate of health knowledge in the intervention group was 64.4%,which was significantly higher than that before intervention(51.3%;χ^(2)=164.82,P<0.05)and also significantly higher than that in the control group after intervention(50.7%;χ^(2)=179.331,P<0.05).Before intervention,there was no significant difference in health be-liefs between the groups(Z=-0.313,P>0.05).After intervention,the health beliefs of residents in the intervention group were significantly increased(Z=-2.404,P<0.05),and significantly stronger than those in the control group after intervention(Z=-2.466,P<0.05).After intervention,the proportion of residents adopting salt reduction,oil reduction,and sugar reduction measures,the average number of food eaten daily,and the frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the in-tervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group(χ^(2)/t/Z=27.869,2.178,-2.152;P<0.05).After intervention,the proportions of residents with normal triglycerides and normal high-density lipoprotein in the interven-tion group were significantly higher than those in the post-intervention control group(χ^(2)=4.593,4.031;P<0.05),and triglyceride levels were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=-2.366,P<0.05).Conclusion Through the implementation of health intervention by healthy lifestyle instructors,community residents have significantly strength-ened their health knowledge,health beliefs,behavioral habits,and health status.Healthy lifestyle instructors serve as an ef-fective and generalizable appropriate technology for community health intervention and health promotion.