职业本科教育:历史演进、现实困境与发展路径

Research on the Policy Evolution and Implementation Path of Vocational Undergraduate Education

我国职业本科教育发展经历了“概念萌芽、试点兴起和稳步发展”三个阶段,职业本科教育试点政策总体呈现出“政策语境由严禁到放开、培养模式由联合到独立、试点院校由民办到公办”三个特征。职业本科教育试点现状存在着“联合培养难以凸显职业类型、转型培养无法达到转型初衷、升格培养难以实现优中选优”三个困境。基于“公办本科职业学校比民办本科职业学校更有优势、优质公办高职院校奠定了职业本科教育的发展基础,双高计划学校有能力成为举办职业本科教育的主力军”三大理由,提出依托“双高计划”学校加快探索职业本科教育,成为摆脱“升格”困境,推动本科层次职业教育发展的有效路径。

The development of vocational undergraduate education in China has experienced three stages of"concept germination,pilot rise and steady development".The pilot policy of vocational undergraduate education generally presents three characteristics:policy context from strict prohibition to liberalization,training mode from joint to independent,and pilot colleges from private to public.In the current situation of vocational undergraduate education pilots,there are three dilemmas:(1)Joint training is difficult to highlight the type of occupation,(2)transformation training cannot achieve the original intention of transformation,and(3)upgrading training is difficult to achieve the best of the best.Based on the three reasons that(1)public undergraduate vocational schools have more advantages than private undergraduate vocational schools,(2)high-quality public vocational colleges have laid the foundation for the development of vocational undergraduate education,and(3)double-high plan schools have the ability to become the main force in organizing vocational undergraduate education,it is proposed to rely on the"double-high plan"schools to accelerate the exploration of vocational undergraduate education and become an effective way to get rid of the dilemma of"upgrading"and promote the development of vocational education at the undergraduate level.