品种抗性和杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病及DON毒素的协同防效

Synergistic Control Effect of Variety Resistance and Fungicide on Wheat Fusarium Head Blight and DON

为明确品种抗性和杀菌剂对赤霉病发生及呕吐毒素积累的影响,2022年对8个不同抗性小麦品种和4种杀菌剂防治赤霉病和呕吐毒素进行防效评价。结果表明:在4月10日(扬花株率5%左右)和4月17日2次施药后,200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 50 m L/667 m^(2)+25%丙环唑SC 30 m L/667 m^(2)、40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇SC 40 m L/667 m^(2)对赤霉病的防效均在95%左右,25%吡唑醚菌酯SC40 m L/667 m^(2)+27%戊唑·噻霉酮EW 35 m L/667 m^(2)对赤霉病的防效在91%左右,480 g/L氰烯·戊唑醇SC 50 m L/667 m^(2)对赤霉病的防效在84%左右;清水对照区的赤霉病自然发生程度、DON含量及药剂处理区的赤霉病发生程度呈现中感品种>中抗品种>抗性品种趋势。品种抗性和杀菌剂在防治赤霉病过程中存在交互作用,效应量依次为药剂>品种×药剂>品种。结论:利用品种抗性和杀菌剂能够有效控制赤霉病,其协同防效随品种抗性增强而提高;在小麦扬花初期施用氟唑菌酰羟胺、丙硫菌唑、氰烯菌酯等,即使扬花期遇连阴雨天气,可在第1次施药后间隔6~7 d再次施药,也能够保证防效。

In order to clarify the synergistic control effects of cultivar resistance and fungicide on wheat fusarium head blight(FHB)and deoxynivalenol(DON),the control effects of 8 different resistance varieties and 4 fungicides on FHB and DON were evaluated in 2022.The results showed that after application on April 10(about 5%flowering plant rate)and April 17,the control effects of pydiflumetofen 200 g/L 50 mL/667 m^(2) SC+propiconazole 25%SC 30 mL/667 m^(2) or prothioconazole·tebuconazole 40%SC 40 mL/667 m^(2) on FHB were about 95%,the control effect of pyraclostrobin 25%SC 40 mL/667 m^(2)+tebuconazole·benziothiazolinone 27%EW 35 mL/667 m^(2) was about 91%,and the control effect of phenamacril·tebuconazole 480 g/L SC 50 mL/667 m^(2) was about 84%.The occurrence degree of FHB and DON content of control area without pesticide application,and the occurrence degree of FHB of chemical treatment areas showed the trend of moderately susceptible varieties>moderately resistant varieties>resistant varieties.There was an interaction between cultivar resistance and fungicide in the control of FHB,and the order of effect size was medicament>variety×fungicide>variety.In conclusion,the use of variety resistance and fungicide could effectively control FHB,and its synergistic control effect increases with the increase of variety resistance.The application of pydiflumetofen,prothioconazole,phenamacril,etc.at the early flowering stage of wheat could effectively control the occurrence of FHB.In case of continuous rainy weather during the flowering period of wheat,the fungicide was applied again on the 6th or 7th day after the first application.