高校专利成果转化的现实困境与纾解路径

Realistic dilemma and the way to alleviate the transformation of patent achievements in universities

专利是高校科技成果的重要表现形式之一,专利的终极目标是走入市场,将其转化为现实生产力。当前我国高校专利转化形势依然不容乐观,主要表现为专利质量良莠不齐、科研人员转化积极性弱、专利转化效率低等问题,各种官方调查数据都显示我国高校专利转化水平客观上处于较低水平。文章集中梳理了2017—2021年我国专利转化成果相关数据及制度现状,分析制约高校专利成果转化的相关因素,研究我国专利转化制度存在的问题和困境。我国高校专利转化困境集中表现为现有政策制度作用发挥不明显、成果与市场需求脱节、成果转移转化机构缺失等,可借鉴美日域外经验探索新型适合我国国情的科技成果转化模式。

Patents are one of the important manifestations of intellectual achievements in universities,and their ultimate goal is to enter the market and transform them into real productivity.The current situation of patent conversion in Chinese universities is still not optimistic,mainly manifested in problems such as uneven quality of patents,weak enthusiasm of researchers for patent conversion,and low efficiency of patent conversion.Various official survey data show that the level of patent conversion in Chinese universities is objectively at a relatively low level.This article focuses on sorting out the relevant data and institutional status of patent conversion achievements in China from 2017 to 2021,analyzing the relevant factors restricting the transformation of patent achievements in universities,and exploring the problems and difficulties in China’s patent conversion system.The patent transfer system in Chinese universities is mainly characterized by incomplete existing legal systems,disconnection between achievements and market demand,and a lack of institutions for transfer and transformation of achievements.We can learn from the experience of the United States and Japan outside the region to explore new technology transfer models that are suitable for China’s national conditions.