从“拟人归因”到“联盟建立”:人与聊天机器人关系对参与度的影响

From anthropomorphic attribution to alliance establishment:The effect of human-chatbot relationships on engagement

随着人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)技术的迅猛发展,AI聊天机器人可模拟人类指导以改善在线自助干预(Internet-based Self-help Interventions,ISIs)中用户的参与度及疗效。然而,学界对聊天机器人作用机制的探索尚处初期阶段。因此,为加深对这一问题的理性认识,文章基于人机关系的视角提出了适应ISIs情境的理论模型:聊天机器人可与用户经历拟人归因、功利性价值判断、发展依恋关系、建立数字治疗联盟(Digital Therapeutic Alliance,DTA)这4个阶段来逐步发展人与聊天机器人关系(Human−Chatbot Relationships,HCRs),并通过HCRs提高用户参与度。未来研究可继续丰富HCRs的相关理论并检验其内在机制,基于HCRs理论来设计聊天机器人,深入考察影响HCRs的额外变量,统一参与度的操作定义并开发适合的参与度测量工具。

AI chatbots can replicate human guidance to improve user engagement and efficacy in internet-based self-help interventions(ISIs),thanks to the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology.However,the study of chatbots’mechanisms is still in its early stages.To deepen the rational understanding of this issue,we propose a theoretical model based on the human-computer relationship that adapts to the ISIs situation:chatbots can develop human-chatbot relationships(HCRs)through the four stages of anthropomorphic attribution,utilitarian value judgment,attachment relationship development and the establishment of digital therapeutic alliance(DTA)to improve user engagement.In future research,there is a need to further enrich and evaluate the key HCRs theories,construct chatbots based on the HCRs theory,examine additional variables that affect HCRs,unify operational definitions of engagement,and develop appropriate engagement measurement methods.