受教育年限、阶层认同与幸福感——来自委托-代理理论和CGSS的证据

Years of Education,Class Identity and Happiness:Evidence from The Principal-agent Theory and CGSS

所谓“苟不教,性乃迁”,教育自古是引导个人身心发展的有效工具,同样也是国家百年大计之根本。在个人和国家都越来越重视幸福感的今天,教育对幸福感是否以及如何发挥作用,便是文章的研究主题。文章基于经济理论和实证研究方法,使用委托-代理理论一般模型原理和中国综合社会调查项目(CGSS)的调查数据,理论上和实证上验证了教育与幸福感的正相关关性,并深入研究了教育对幸福感的作用机制。研究发现,受教育年限越长即学历越高的人,幸福感相对更强。进一步对不同群体展开分析,显示受教育年限为男性带来的幸福感略高于女性;为45岁以下群体带来的幸福感要高于45岁以上群体;除此之外受教育年限对幸福感的影响还存在区域差异,其为农村群体带来的幸福感要高于城市群体。并且实证证据表明教育是可以通过阶层认同感来影响幸福感,“受教育年限—阶层认同感—幸福感”这一幸福感作用机制成立。以上结论说明,个人可以通过教育这一工具来提升自己的幸福感,同时政府在推进居民幸福提升的进程中,应坚定不移地推进乡村振兴人才队伍建设及十二年义务教育试点工作,支持女性及其专项教育事业,关注中老年群体身心健康。

As the saying goes‘With no education,There’d be aberration’,education is not only always an effective tool of guiding people’s physical and mental development,but also a very important part of nation-building.Nowadays,there has been an increased emphasis on happiness,investigating whether and how education affect happiness is the theme of this paper.Based on the Social Survey Project(CGSS),this paper verifies the positive correlation between education and happiness theoretically and empirically.Besides the mechanism of education’s effect on happiness is studied in depth.The results show,people who has longer years of education,which means people with higher education,tend to be more happier.Further analysis of different groups shows that education brings men slightly higher happiness than women;Bring people under 45 more happiness than those over 45.In addition,there are regional differences in the influence of years of education on happiness,people in the rural area are happier than those in urban area.Moreover,empirical evidence improves that education can affect happiness through class identity,and the happiness mechanism of‘years of education--class identity--happiness’exists.All these conclusions imply that people can improve their happiness with the tool of education.Meanwhile in the process of promoting the happiness of residents,the government can strike a proper balance for women,the elderly and urban and rural groups.Besides promote rural revitalization of talent team construction and carry out the pilot work of 12-year compulsory education unswervingly,the government can also support the policy of special education for women,physical and mental health assistance for middle-aged and elderly groups.