1The Editors. Expand the Nobel Prize to Award Teams, Not Just Individuals[J]. Scientific Ameri- can,2012, (10) :1.
2About The National Science Foundation[EB/OL]. ht- tp://www, nsf. gov/about.
3FOX M F,FAVER C A. Independence and Cooperation in Research: The Motivations and Costs of Collaboration[J]. The Journal of Higher Educa- tion,1984,(3) : 347-359.
4ADAMS J D,BLACK G C,CLEMMONSC J R,STEP HAND P E. Scientific Teams and Institutional Col laborations : Evidence from U. S. universities, 1981 - 1999[J]. Research Policy,2005, (3) : 259-285.
5SCHWESER C. The Economics of Academic Publish- ing[J]. The Journal of Economic Education, 1983, (1) :60-64.
6SHENHAV Y A. Dependency and Compliance in Aca- demic Research Infrastructures[J]. Sociological Per- spectives, 1986, (1) : 29-51.
7HACKETT E J. Science as a Vocation in the 1990s: The Changing Organizational Culture of Academic Science[J]. The Journal of Higher Education, 1990, (3) :241-279.
8GILSON L L,MATHIEU J E,SHALLEY C E,RUD- DY T M. Creativity and Standardization: Comple- mentary or Conflicting Drivers of Team Effectiveness [J]. The Academy of Management Journal, 2005,(3):521-531.
9HACKETT E J. Essential Tensions: Identity, Control,and Risk in Research[J]. Social Studies of Science, 2005, (5) : 787-826.
10KEKALE J. "Preferred" Patterns of Academic Lead- ership in Different Disciplinary (Sub)Cultures [J]. Higher Education, 1999, (3) : 217-238.