苏轼“和陶诗”的形式特征及其文体史意义

The Formal Characteristics of Su Shi's“He Tao Shi”and Its Significance in the History of Literary Style

作为“和诗”,次韵既要求“和韵”又要求“和意”,“和陶诗”则突破了唱和对象的古今界限,使“和意”朝着“道意”方向发展,即注重表达作者主观意识。苏轼在“和陶诗”中以“意”统“韵”,从而化韵脚的限制于无形。在平衡诗体与诗意的过程中,苏轼促进了诗歌正副文本功能的强化与转换。副文本记录诗意兴发方式,具有诗史功能、日记功能、书信功能、索引功能,并且建立起“和诗”与原诗的联系,引导读者在师陶、学陶背景下阅读“和陶诗”。正文本则由次韵诗向外的公共唱和功能、政治功能朝向内的道德自省功能、心理平衡功能转换。苏轼在“和陶诗”中的上述探索对文体史具有重要意义。

As poems composed to reply to Tao Yuanming,“He Tao Shi”matches those poems by Tao Yuanming and uses the same rhyme words as Tao's corresponding poems.For Tao Yuanming is far away from ancient times,Su Shi does not need to replay in harmony with the original poem,so he can express his own subjective consciousness in“He Tao Shi”.For Su Shi,he summariz-es this creative point as Yi(author's own subjective consciousness),using it to guide poetic rhyme to make“He Tao Shi”plain and natural.In the process of balancing poetic style and Yi,Su Shi strengthens and transforms the function of the text and the para-text of poetry,which is of great significance to the history of literary style in the Song Dynasty.