中国古代文人结社的现代转型

The Modern Transformation of Ancient Chinese Scholars'Association

中国古代的文人结社在晚清时期继续发展并开启现代转型之路。以鸦片战争、甲午战争、庚子国难三个事件为节点,晚清时期的新型会社经历了酝酿、起步和初步形成三个阶段。科举文社退出历史舞台,传统诗词社爆发最后辉煌,新型会社层次不齐,女性会社异军突起,社事转型时期呈现出明显的新旧交替现象。晚清新型会社的结社意识趋于明晰,奉行宗旨趋于实用,组织管理趋于完善,中国古代的文人结社由此完成了向现代社团的转变。

Ancient Chinese scholars'association went on developing and started to modernize in the late Qing Dynasty.Taking the Opium War,the 1894-1895 war and the Boxer Incident as nodes,the new society in the late Qing dynasty went through three stages:brewing,starting and initial formation.There were many phenomena that the new replaced the old at transitional times.Article associations about imperial examination disappeared.Traditional poetry and lyrics associations burst into final glory.New types of societies were not homogeneous.Feminine societies became a new factor changing the situation.Consciousness of association became clearer,the purpose more practical,and organizational management more perfect.Ancient Chinese scholars'association thus realized the modern transformation.