数字货币犯罪刑法规制研究

Research on Criminal Regulation of digital currency crime

数字货币去中心化、点对点跨区域交易便捷性、匿名性和可编程性等特征导致其成为载体,被行为人用于实施有关传销类、洗钱类、恐怖活动类和毒品交易类等犯罪。学界目前对数字货币的概念未形成统一认识,其法律属性也未形成统一定论,法律属性的认定差异影响着刑事罪名的选择适用。在实务领域,数字货币所涉罪名集中于诈骗罪、组织领导传销活动罪、盗窃罪、非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪等。尽管目前的刑事罪名体系仍然可以对数字货币犯罪案件予以刑事规制,但所涉罪名已经超出传统货币犯罪罪名体系范围。针对数字货币犯罪新型类型化犯罪行为的出现,有必要在传统数字货币体系外增设数字货币犯罪罪名。

The characteristics of digital currencies,such as decentralization,ease of peer-to-peer crossregional transactions,anonymity and programmability,have led to their use as carriers for crimes such as pyramid selling,money laundering,terrorist activities and drug dealing.At present,the academic community has not formed a unified understanding of the concept of digital currency,and its legal attribute has not formed a unified conclusion.The difference in the determination of legal attribute affects the selection and application of criminal charges.In the practical field,the crimes involved in digital currency are concen⁃trated in the crime of fraud,the crime of organizing and leading pyramid selling activities,the crime of theft,and the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data.Although the current criminal charge system can still regulate the criminal cases of digital currency crimes,the crimes involved have gone beyond the scope of the traditional monetary crime system.With the emergence of new types of digital currency crimes,it is necessary to add digital currency crimes in addition to the traditional digital currency system.