兑卦新解:协商、决策与政治动员

A New Interpretation of Dui Hexagram[■,58]:Deliberation,Decision and Political Mobilization

在经学的视野中,“兑”为“言说”之“说”。《象传》以“朋友讲习”作为“兑”的核心意象,它指向一种特殊的言说方式--协商;《彖传》提出“顺乎天而应乎人”作为协商的基本原则,并指出协商具有提高决策质量和强化政治认同的功能;六爻区分了协商和决策两种不同性质的活动及其要求,通过具体情境从正反两个方面讨论了有效开展协商的方法。兑卦所展示的多层次协商观念可以丰富学界对协商的理解;兑卦所揭示的协商在政策执行中的政治动员作用有助于当代协商系统思想的进一步拓展;兑卦对协商过程复杂性的认识及其基于阴阳互根原理提出的解决之道为协商民主理论的进一步深化提供了思想资源。

In the perspective of Confucian classics,“dui”is the“saying”of“speech”.The core image of the Dui hexagram[■,Joy,58]in the Daxiang zhuan(Commentary on the Great Images)is“discussion and practice among friends”,which points to a special way of speaking—deliberation.The Tuan zhuan(Commentary on the Judgments)proposes the basic principle of deliberation—“following heaven and complying with people”and points out that deliberation has the function of improving the quality of decisionmaking and strengthening political identity.The six lines distinguish between two different types of activities and their requirements—deliberation and decision-making—and discuss effective methods for conducting deliberation from both positive and negative aspects through specific contexts.The multi-level deliberation concept demonstrated by the Dui hexagram can enrich the academic community’s understanding of deliberation.The role of deliberation in political mobilization for policy implementation revealed by the Dui hexagram can help to further expand the thinking of contemporary deliberative systems.The understanding of the complexity of the deliberation process and the solutions proposed based on the principle of the mutual roots of yin and yang provided intellectual resources for the further deepening of the theory of deliberative democracy.