“他者”意识的重建--解决“他者”问题的儒学方案

Reconstruction of“The Other”Consciousness——The Confucian Solution to Solve the Problem of“The Other”

“他者”泛指与“自我”相对的一切存在者。因此,如何面对“他者”,无疑是人类始终都会面临的一个重大问题。但迄今为止,既有的应对“他者”问题的方法,无法提供真正能够解决问题的方案。其根本原因在于没有意识到:“他者”总是普遍存在的,因此,解决“他者”问题的方法,并不是取消“他者”,而是改变人们的“他者意识”,即改变对“他者”的情感态度。这就需要克服既有的“存在者化”的意识局限,通达当代哲学前沿的“存在”视域,即通过回溯“前存在者”情境来获得新的存在者意识,以此解构有害的他者意识,建构有益的他者意识。对儒学来说,这种前存在者情境,就是作为本真的生活情感的仁爱情感。因此,儒学可为解决“他者”问题提供方案。

“The other”generally refers to all beings opposite to“self”.Therefore,how to face“the other”is undoubtedly a major issue humans always face.But so far,the existing methods to deal with the problem of“the other”cannot provide a real solution to the problem.The underlying reason is that it hasn't been realized yet that the other always exists,so the way to solve the problem of“the other”is not to cancel“the other”,but to change people's“consciousness of the other”,that is,to change their attitude towards“the other”.This requires overcoming the pre-existing consciousness limitation of“existentializing”and reaching the horizon of“being”of the philosophy of the times,that is,by tracing back to the“pre-being”situation,we can obtain a new awareness of the beings,so as to deconstruct the pernicious awareness of the other and construct a beneficial awareness of the other.For Confucianism,this prebeing situation,as the true life emotion,is the emotion of benevolent love.Therefore,Confucianism can provide a solution to“the other”problem.