赵岐《孟子章句》引用经文考论

Research on the Citation of Classics in Zhao Qi's Sentence by Sentence Interpretation of Mencius

赵岐的《孟子章句》是现存最早也是汉代流传下来的唯一一部注释《孟子》的著作,在《孟子》学史上占有重要地位。引经注《孟》是《孟子章句》的特色,赵岐注释《孟子》援引了包括《周易》《尚书》《诗经》等在内的十部经书,次数多达一百余次。通过考证梳理《孟子章句》引用经文的情况,可以对其思想倾向、注释特点等问题产生新的认识:赵岐引用《论语》《孝经》注释《孟子》,强化了孔孟之间的联系,开后世尊孟子为亚圣的先河,亦为孔孟道统说之滥觞;兼采《左传》与《公羊传》,在今古文经学的选择上表现出开放的态度;援引《周易》,表现出崇阳抑阴的思想观念。同时,透过赵岐引经注《孟》的行为,亦可窥见东汉学者对《孟子》评价的提升以及东汉末期一人治多经、今古文经学逐渐融合的学术现象。

Zhao Qi's(108-201)Sentence by Sentence Interpretation of Mencius is the earliest and only surviving work that annotates Mencius during the Han(206 BCE-220 CE)dynasty,occupying an important position in the history of Mencius studies.Quoting Confucian classics to explaining Mencius is a characteristic of Sentence by Sentence Interpretation of Mencius.Zhao Qi's annotation of Mencius cites ten scriptures,including the Book of Changes,Classic of History,and Classic of Poetry,more than a hundred times.Through textual research and sorting out the citation of scriptures in the Sentence by Sentence Interpretation of Mencius,new insights can be gained into its ideological tendencies,annotation characteristics,and other issues.Zhao Qi cited The Analects of Confucius and Classic of Filial Piety to annotate the Mencius,strengthening the connection between Confucius and Mencius,and opening the way for the later respect for Mencius as the most famous sage after Confucius,which is also the origin of the Confucian and Mencian orthodoxy theory.Zhao Qi adopted both Zuo's Commentary on the Springs and Autumns Annals and Gongyang's Commentary on the Springs and Autumns Annals,showing an open attitude in the selection of the classical learning based on ancient or recent textual versions at that time.The citing of the Book of Changes expresses his concept of praising yang and suppressing yin.At the same time,through Zhao Qi's behavior of citing other classics to annotate the Mencius,it can also be seen that scholars of the Eastern Han(25-220CE)dynasty have improved their evaluation of the Mencius,as well as the academic phenomenon of one person mastering multiple scriptures in the late Eastern Han dynasty and the gradual integration of the classical learning based on earlier and later textual versions.