秦漢文獻所見癃病含義再探

Re-explanation on Disease of Long(瘫)in Qin and Han Documents

■(癃)病在典籍中各義項之間有何聯繫,歷來學者爭論不休。通過梳理■、癃、痳、淋、疝等各病症之間的複雜關係,我們認爲■與癃應爲古今字。痳作爲疝類疾病的一種,與■的病狀有相同之處,應亦爲■類疾病。而淋當爲痳的後起字,因某種原因痳字使用不久便被淋所取代作爲病名。痳與癃作爲■的主要兩大類義項——小便不暢與身體外部隆凸之疾,皆與身體部位的積聚相關,它們應爲■的繼承分化字。釐清■、癃、痳諸疾的關係,將利於學界準確把握有關史料的含義,從而推動秦漢時期疾病史、醫籍傳抄等相關領域的研究。

The connection between the various meanings of Long(癃)in the ancient Chinese classics has been debated by historians.In this dissertation,we have sorted out the complex relationship between Long(■),Long(癃),Lin(痳)and Shan(疝),then concluded that Long(■)and Long(癃)should be ancient and modern graphs.As a type of Shan(疝),Lin(痳)has the same symptoms as Long(■),so it should also be a type of this disease.For some reason,the word Lin(痳)was replaced by Lin(淋)as the name of the disease soon after it was used.The two main categories of Long(■),poor defecation and external bodily protrusions,are both related to the bulges in body parts.And the names of the two diseases,Lin(痳)and Long(癃)should be the differentiated graphs of Long(■).The clarification of the relationship of the Long(■),Long(癃)and Lin(痳)will help the academic community to accurately grasp the meaning of the relevant historical materials,and thus promote the study of diseases history and medical book transcription in the Qin and Han Dynasties.