2022年国际空间站科研与应用进展

Scientific research and application progress on the International Space Station in 2022

国际空间站继续发挥在轨科研应用平台的重要价值。对美国和俄罗斯公布的国际空间站实验项目数据库及成果报告的综合统计及文本分析后发现:在2021年10月至2022年9月开展的国际空间站第66~67次长期考察任务中,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)、俄罗斯国家航天集团公司(Roscosmos)欧洲航天局(ESA)、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)加拿大航天局(CSA)支持在技术开发与验证、生物学与生物技术、物理科学、人体研究、教育和文化活动、地球与空间科学6大研究领域开展了360项实验,其中新实验占比超过40%,科研应用活动十分活跃。同时,亮点科研应用新成果频现,远程控制地面机器人、在轨产生和研究超冷气泡、观测磁星等一批突出新成果吸引了全球科技界的广泛关注。通过重点分析154项新实验中代表性的新实验,以及最近发表的400余篇科研论文中的亮点新成果,综合反映国际空间站科研与应用的新进展,总体研判国际空间站正处于科研与应用高峰期,科研活动高度活跃,科研成果持续涌现,未来有望产生更多造福空间和地面的科研应用新成果。

The International Space Station(ISS)continued to play its important role as an on-orbit scientific research and application platform.Comprehensive statistics and text analysis of the ISS experiments databases of the United States and Russia and annual highlights of results report showed the following findings.For the Expedition 66-67 from October 2021 to September 2022,NASA,Roscosmos,ESA,JAXA and CSA sponsored 360 experiments in six categories,including technology development and demonstration,biology and biotechnology,physical science,human research,educational and cultural activities,and earth and space science,of which new experiments accounted for more than 40%.At the same time,new scientific achievements,such as teleoperation by ISS crew to control robotic components on earth,creation and measurements of bubbles of ultracold atoms onorbit,and observation of a magnetar,attracted widespread attention from the global science community.By focusing on representative new experiments and achievements this review comprehensively reflects the progress in the scientific research and application of ISS in this period,the progress of scientific research and application is comprehensively reflected.ISS is at the peak of scientific research and application output,with highly active research activities and continuous emergence of scientific achievements.In the future,it is expected to produce more new achievements to benefit space and Earth.