影响因素与慢性病对职业倦怠的交互作用

The interaction between influencing factors and chronic illness on burnout

目的:了解目标人群职业倦怠现状及其影响因素,为保护该人群的身心健康提供科学依据。方法:2020年9月至11月对上海地区某高铁单位职业人群采用分层整群抽样方法,从一线工区抽取385名从业人员进行问卷调查。采用一般情况调查表、职业倦怠量表、职业倦怠内外因调查表进行调查。调查职业倦怠现状并分析职业倦怠的影响因素。结果:共获取有效问卷297份,问卷有效率为92.8%。无职业倦怠的有79人(26.6%),轻度职业倦怠的有137人(46.1%),中度职业倦怠的有68人(22.9%),重度职业倦怠的有13人(4.4%)。患有糖尿病的职工不容易发生轻度职业倦怠(OR=0.203,95%CI 0.053~0.786);外因4(个人作用发挥受限)得分偏高更容易发生中度职业倦怠(OR=2.47,95%CI 1.187~5.138),外因2(职业发展压力)得分偏高不容易发生中度(OR=0.341,95%CI 0.164~0.710)和重度(OR=0.106,95%CI 0.024~0.479)职业倦怠。交互作用分析结果显示,以不同程度职业倦怠为因变量,外因2(职业发展压力)、外因4(个体作用发挥受限)与是否患慢性病之间存在一定的相乘交互作用(P<0.05)。结论:该单位职工职业倦怠的发生率与铁路同行业相比相对缓和,内外因素和是否患有慢性病的发生存在一定的交互作用。

Objective:To understand the current situation of burnout in this population and its influencing factors,and to provide a scientific basis for protecting the physical and mental health of the worker population.Methods:A stratified whole-group sampling method was used for a questionnaire survey of 385 workers from frontline work areas of a high speed railway unit in Shanghai at September to November 2020.The general condition questionnaire,burnout scale,and burnout internal and external factors questionnaire were used to conduct the survey.To investigate the current state of burnout and analyse the factors influencing it.Results:A total of 297 valid questionnaires were obtained,with an effective rate of 92.8%.There were 79 workers(26.6%)who had no burnout,137 workers(46.1%)who had mild burnout,68 workers(22.9%)who had moderate burnout and 13 workers(4.4%)who had severe burnout.Workers with diabetes were less likely to experience mild burnout(OR=0.203,95%CI 0.053-0.786);high scores for exogenous factor 4(restricted personal role performance)were more likely to be a risk factor for moderate burnout(OR=2.47,95%CI 1.187-5.138)and high scores for exogenous factor 2(career development stress)were less likely to moderate and severe burnout(OR=0.341,95%CI 0.164-0.71)and(OR=0.106,95%CI 0.024-0.479).The results of the interaction analysis showed that there were some multiplicative interaction between exogenous factor 2(career development stress)exogenous factor 4(individual role limitation)and whether or not to change chronic illness,using different level of burnout as the dependent variable(P<0.05).Conclusion:The incidence of burnout among workers in this unit is relatively moderate compared to their railway counterparts,and there is a certain interaction between external and internal factors and the presence or absence of chronic diseases.