基于植物隐喻重构仲景“荣卫”学说

Reconstructing Zhang Zhongjing′s"Rong and Wei"Theory Based on Plant Metaphor

营卫理论是秦汉医学中重要的组成部分,对后世影响深远。而在秦汉医籍中对其表达形式有两种,分别为“营卫”和“荣卫”。运用隐喻认知的研究方法考证《伤寒论》《金匮要略》可知,“营卫”在张仲景著作中多作“荣卫”。“荣为根,卫为叶,荣卫俱微,则根叶枯槁”是荣卫理论植物隐喻的起点。荣卫之气来自脾胃,其正常运行符合“通和”理论。荣卫之气的虚实可以通过脉象的浮沉表征,出汗过多会加重卫气的耗散。荣为血,卫为气,荣卫之间可互相影响。“风伤卫,寒伤荣”“风伤卫,热伤荣”等病机描述,及桂枝汤等相关方剂的应用,是荣卫理论得以繁衍的重要原因。隋唐时期医家对荣卫理论的拓展与实践,将荣卫理论推向了高峰。

The theory of Ying and Wei is an important component of Qin and Han medicine,which has had a profound influence on later generations.In Qin and Han medical texts,there are two different expressions used to describe this theory,namely"Ying Wei"and"Rong Wei".Through the application of metaphorical cognition research methods,it can be determined from the texts of Shang Han Lun and Jin Gui Yao Lue that"Ying Wei"in Zhongjing Zhang′s works is mostly expressed as"Rong Wei".The metaphorical association between"Rong"as root and"Wei"as leaves,withering when both Rong and Wei are weak,marks the starting point of the plant metaphor in Rong and Wei theory.The Qi of Rong and Wei originates from the Spleen and Stomach,and its normal functioning aligns with the theory of"communication and harmony".The deficiency or excess of Rong and Wei Qi can be identified through the floating and sinking pulse characteristics.Excessive sweating can exacerbate the dissipation of Wei Qi."Wind damages Wei while Cold damages Rong"and"Wind damages Wei while Heat damages Rong"are descriptive mechanisms of disease,and the application of related formulas like Guizhi Decoction has been the important reason for the development of Rong and Wei theory.During the Sui and Tang dynasties,medical professionals expanded and practiced the theory of Rong and Wei,pushing it to its pinnacle.