知识产权保护下碳交易对再制造影响研究

Study on the Impact of Carbon Trading on Remanufacturing under Intellectual Property Protection

为分析知识产权保护下碳交易对再制造的影响,基于碳交易构建两种再制造模式(原始制造商外包和授权)的博弈模型。基于博弈模型的最优解,首先剖析碳交易对原始制造商和再制造商制造/再制造决策的影响;其次,分析碳交易对社会福利(包括两种产品制造商利润、环境影响、消费者剩余和社会剩余)的影响。主要结论如下:(1)当单位再制造产品的碳排放与新产品相比较小时,碳交易可以有效提高废旧产品回收率和再制造产品销售量;但碳交易并不总是对两种产品制造商有利,只有当碳交易价格大于某一阈值时,碳交易才会增加两种产品制造商利润。(2)在碳交易下,再制造授权时,原始制造商通过降低单位授权费用增加自己的利润;再制造外包时,原始制造商通过提高单位外包费用和降低再制造产品单位零售价格来增加自己的利润。(3)原始制造商始终倾向于选择外包再制造模式;当消费者偏好和废旧产品回收规模参数满足一定条件时,再制造商才偏好于外包再制造模式。(4)外包再制造模式下消费者剩余和社会剩余较大;当单位再制造产品的碳排放与新产品之比较小时,外包再制造模式对环境影响较小。

To analyse the impact of carbon trading on remanufacturing under intellectual property protection,two remanufacturing models(outsourcing remanufacturing and warranty remanufacturing)are developed between an original equipment manufacturer(OEM)and a remanufacturer under carbon trading.Based on the optimal solution of the game model,the impact of carbon trading on the manufacturing/remanufacturing decisions of original producers and remanufacturers is first analyzed;second,the impact of carbon trading on societal welfare(including producer profits,environmental impacts,consumer surplus,and societal surplus for both products)is examined.The results of the study are as follows:(1)When the ratio of environmental impacts per unit of remanufactured products and per unit of new products is low,carbon trading can effectively promote the recycling of waste products and the sale of remanufactured products.When the price of emission allowance trading is above a certain threshold,the profit of OEMs and remanufacturers is positively related to the unit price of carbon trading.(2)Based on carbon trading,the OEM can increase revenue by lowering the unit price of remanufacturing when remanufacturing is approved;when remanufacturing is outsourced,the OEM can transfer revenue by lowering the unit price of remanufacturing and increasing the unit price of outsourcing remanufacturing.(3)The OEM always prefers to outsource remanufacturing;the remanufacturer prefers to outsource remanufacturing only when the consumer preference and the amount of waste product recycling meet certain conditions.(4)Consumer and social surplus is always higher when remanufacturing is outsourced,and if the ratio of environmental impact per unit of remanufactured products to that per unit of new products is low,the environmental impact of outsourcing remanufacturing is low.