考虑资金运营方式的中国商业银行经营效率分析

Evaluating the Operational Performance for Commercial Banks in China Considering the Profit Way

为合理测度中国商业银行经营效率,把银行经营过程划分为资金筹集、资金配置和盈利三个子阶段,并将盈利阶段划分为放贷和投资两个并联的子阶段;然后,构建了一个考虑非期望产出的嵌套并联结构三阶段动态SBM-DEA模型,并将其用于测算我国25家商业银行2015-2019年间的多时期经营效率和各年份经营效率;最后,在效率测度的基础上,对2015-2019年25家商业银行的整体经营情况、效率变化态势及效率影响因素进行深入的分析,得到如下主要结论:(1)约70%的样本银行整体经营效率低于平均水平,银行整体经营效率DEA无效的原因主要来源于资金筹集和盈利两个子阶段,国有商业银行的资金筹集效率显著高于股份制商业银行和城市商业银行,但盈利效率在三类银行中最低,而城市商业银行与国有商业银行正好相反。(2)银行的投资效率显著高于放贷效率,但两者间具有显著的正相关性关系。(3)整个评价期内,我国商业银行的整体经营效率总体上呈下降态势,但各子阶段效率变化趋势不一。(4)除评价指标外,资产收益率和资产规模对银行整体经营效率具有显著的正向影响,而资本充足率与手续费和佣金支出对银行整体经营效率具有显著的负向影响。

Banking is still the pillar industry of the financial system in china and plays a pivotal role in the development of both China’s real and virtual economy.As the reform of China’s financial industry and the emergence of various new types of financial enterprises,the banking environment in China has become increasingly competitive.In this circumstance,measuring the bank efficiency accurately can help the managers understand the overall situation of banking and formulate measures effectively to improve the bank's core competitiveness and operational efficiency.To reasonably evaluate the operational performance of Chinese commercial banks,the operational process of commercial bank is divided into three serial stages:Capital raising,capital allocation,and profitability.Among them,the profitability stage is further divided into two parallel sub-stages:Lending and investment.Then,a three-stage dynamic SBM-DEA model with a nested parallel structure is constructed,in which the undesired output is considered.Subsequently,the proposed model is employed to evaluate the multi-period operational performance and annual operational performance of 25 Chinese commercial banks from 2015 to 2019.Finally,based on the above evaluations,an in-depth analysis for the overall operating situations,performance changes and performance influencing factors of the 25 commercial banks from 2015 to 2019 is performed.The main conclusions are as follows:1)About 70%of the sample banks’overall operational performances are below average.The reason for inefficiency of the overall operational performance for banks mainly originates from the two sub-stages of capital raising and profitability.The capital-raising efficiency of the state-owned bank is significantly higher than that of the joint-stock bank and the city commercial bank,but its profit efficiency is the lowest among the three types of banks.The situation of the city commercial bank is just opposite to that of the state-owned bank.2)The investment efficiency is significantly higher than the lending efficiency,but there is a significant positive correlation between them.3)The overall operational performance of Chinese commercial banks is generally declining during the period of 2015-2019,but the changing trends of the performance in each sub-stage are different.4)In addition to the evaluation indicators,the rate of return on equity and the asset size have a significant positive impact on the overall operational performance of banks,while capital adequacy ratio,and fee and commission expense have a significant negative impact on that of banks.