博丹与霍布斯的主权国家方法论:普遍历史与抽象建构

Bodin and Hobbes on Sovereign State:Universal History and Abstract Construction

本文试图解答的核心问题是,霍布斯在分享了博丹主权国家理论中某些关键思想的同时,如何又建构出一套完全不同的国家学说。霍布斯在很大程度上继承了博丹的绝对主权理论,但博丹的国家始终是具体的历史国家,而霍布斯的国家则具有非历史性与抽象性质。为解释二人学说间的根本差别,本文首先考察了历史在博丹与霍布斯建构政治科学过程中扮演的不同角色,然后分析了二人理论中作为国家质料的人的性质,最后展示了这两种国家理论模式如何影响现代西方世界对于政治的理解:博丹奠定了比较政治学的可能基础,而霍布斯则试图建立一种超越历史与时空、可适用于一切国家的政治理论。

.In order to understand this fundamental distinction between these two theories,firstly,this paper examines the role that history plays during Bodin’s and Hobbes’s construction of political science;secondly,it analyzes the nature of individual as matter of political State in each one’s theory;finally,it shows how these two different models of State theory influence modern Western world’s understanding of politics:Bodin provides the possibility of a comparative politics,while Hobbes constructs a political theory which can transcend limites of history and space,and can be applied to all States.