着力基础研究的国家战略科技力量治理——来自美德日的经验启示

Governance of National Strategic Science and Technology Force Focusing on Basic Research Experience and Enlightenment from the United States,Germany and Japan

近年来,我国高度重视国家战略科技力量在基础科学加速追赶中的关键作用。然而,不同科研主体的基础研究定位不清、学风浮躁等问题日益突出。在结合国情对症下药的同时,有必要参考借鉴欧美科技强国的发展经验以少走弯路。为此,本文构建了国家战略科技力量治理分析框架,以内外部治理视角对美国、德国与日本的基础研究治理实践展开案例分析。研究发现:1)政府在经费配置、研究干预等方面对国家科研机构与研究型大学等实行清晰的差异化管理;2)以形式多样的基础研究支持方式发挥战略科技力量的骨干引领作用;3)为面向世界科技前沿,以公开透明与结果的差异化应用等评价机制充分发挥评价作用,并建立由海内外顶尖科学家组成的国际化顾问团的定期咨询评议制度等。最后基于上述结论,提出国家战略科技力量加强基础研究的政策建议。

In recent years,China attaches great importance to the critical role of national strategic science and technology force in accelerating the catch-up of basic science.However,problems such as the unclear orientation of basic research and Impetuous study style among different research subjects are becoming increasingly prominent.While combining the national conditions with the right medicine,it is necessary to refer to the development experience of European and American scientific and technological powers to avoid detours.To this end,this paper constructs an analysis framework for national strategic science and technology force governance.It conducts case studies on the governance practices of basic research in the United States,Germany,and Japan from the perspective of internal and external governance.The findings are as follows:(1)the government implements clear and differentiated management of national research institutes and research universities in terms of funding allocation and research intervention;(2)gives full play to the leading role of strategic science and technology force through various forms of basic research support;(3)in order to face the forefront of science and technology in the world,give full play to the role of evaluation through some evaluation mechanisms,such as open and transparent ones,and differentiated application of results,and establish a regular consultation and review system of international advisory panels composed of top scientists at home and abroad.Finally,based on the above conclusions,the policy suggestions of strengthening basic research of national strategic science and technology forces are put forward.