若尔盖高原四川片区陆生脊椎动物多样性研究

Diversity of Terrestrial Vertebrates in the Zoige Plateau,Sichuan

利用2012—2021年在若尔盖高原四川片区的调查和访问数据,结合历史文献资料,对区域内陆生脊椎动物多样性及其保护价值进行了分析和评估,在此基础上提出了保护建议.结果表明:研究区域已知有陆生脊椎动物319种,包括兽类53种、鸟类254种、爬行类7种、两栖类5种;物种多样性G-F指数鸟类最高,兽类次之,爬行类和两栖类均为0;区系特征方面鸟类和兽类均以古北界种类为优势,东洋界物种也表现出一定的渗透性;鸟类居留型方面,候鸟和旅鸟较为丰富(56.69%),表明研究区域是候鸟迁徙的重要目的地和停歇补给点;食肉目动物(17种)和猛禽(26种)等顶级消费者种类丰富,反映出区域食物链完整性较好;保护价值方面,国家级和省级重点保护比例27.59%、濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)附录收录比例13.17%、特有物种比例10.03%,《中国生物多样性红色名录》受威胁比例21.94%,陆生脊椎动物多样性保护价值指数V_(A)和珍稀濒危野生动物多样性保护价值指数V_(AT)分别为60.32和57.24,与华北、东北内陆湿地自然保护区以及邻近的三江源国家公园黄河源园区相比都更高,表明研究区域具有极高的物种多样性保护价值.建议加强对区域内野生动物的调查、监测、巡护和保护宣传力度,建立健全野生动物救护机制,合理设置野生动物安全通道,同时立足区域优势,大力发展高原特色农牧业和生态文化旅游,从根本上缓解人类活动对野生动物的影响.

From 2012 to 2020,the terrestrial vertebrates were recorded by the approaches of field observation,interview,and historical data collection in the Zoige Plateau of Sichuan,China.A total of 319 terrestrial vertebrates species were recorded,with 53 mammals,254 birds,7 reptiles and 5 amphibians.The G-F index was the highest in birds,followed by mammals,and lowest in reptiles and amphibians.In terms of floristic characteristics,the proportion of oriental species was relatively high although the palaearctic species were dominant,which indicated that the Zoige Plateau is transitional and permeable in zoogeography.The high proportion of migratory birds and traveling birds(56.69%)indicated that the study area was an important destination and supply station for migratory birds.The top consumers such as carnivores and raptors were abundant,which suggested that the ecological function and food chain of the natural ecosystem in Zoige seemed to be healthy.In the 319 species,27.59%species were national and provincial protected(with nationally 20 class I and 55 class II,and 13 provincial protected),and 13.17%were listed on CITES Appendix,10.03%were endemic species in China or the Qinghai Tibet-Plateau,and 21.94%were threatened species in the Red List of China's Vertebrates.The protected value of terrestrial vertebrates(V_A)and rare-endangered species(V_(AT))were 60.32 and 57.24 respectively,which were higher compared to the wetland nature reserves in North China and Northeast China,as well as the Yellow River source Park of Sanjiangyuan National Park.In conclusion,the Zoige Plateau of Sichuan was rich in terrestrial vertebrates especially the birds and mammals,which is of great values in protection and scientific research.It is suggested that the investigation,monitoring,patrol and protection publicity of rare wild animals should be strengthened,as well as the wildlife rescue mechanism and wildlife safety passage setting.More importantly,the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and eco-cultural tourism with plateau characteristics,is consider to be the key to alleviate the impact of human activity on the wild lives.