探索齐魏马陵之战——基于地理信息系统之《史记》历史事件研究

Application of Historical Maps and GIS Approach to Explore the Location of the Battle of PAL Piling during the Warring States Period

马陵之战为战国时期著名的齐魏战争。由于史籍对于战争过程未能详述,且马陵一地在今山东、河南、河北一带各有所指;在学者们对文本的不同解读下,形成关于马陵之战所在位置的争论。其中“鄄城说”在路线与方位上较符合史说,然地处黄河下游平原地带,自汉代以来黄河频繁泛滥改道,区域地形随之变迁,也造成回溯研究上的困境。整合数值历史地图于地理信息系统(GIS)之分析与应用环境中,就《史记》所述马陵之战的日程、地点,以及自古以来形成的津关与界域,进行多时期图文整合比对,推测旧范县古城镇到马陵一带地势相对较高;并撷取1930年代的大比例尺测绘地图之等高线数据,模拟丘陵沟谷地形特性,论证“鄄城说”马陵位置与战争路线的合理性。

The Battle of Maling was a famous war between Qi and Wei during the Warring States period.However,historical documents only outlined the war,and the place name Maling appeared in several places in today's Shandong,Henan and Hebei provinces,leading scholars to interpret the historical materials differently.It is generally believed that the vicinity of Luan Cheng is more in line with historical facts.However,as the area is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and was often flooded after the Warring States period,some fieldwork in recent years has found it difficult to trace the ancient Maling hilly area.This paper attempts to use historical maps and GIS solutions to analyse the route and location of this battle based on the descriptions and arguments of historical documents,by tracing the ancient traffic routes,waterways and ferries around Juancheng,and retrieving contours from large-scale topographic maps of the 1930s to generate a topographic elevation model for argumentation.