低氮磷玉米-豆粕型饲粮对育肥后期猪生长性能、粪污排放及肉品质的影响

Effects of Low Nitrogen and Phosphorus Corn⁃Soybean Meal Diet on Growth Performance,Fecal Excretion and Meat Quality of Pigs during Post⁃Fattening Phase

本试验旨在研究低氮磷玉米-豆粕型饲粮对育肥后期猪生长性能、粪污排放及肉品质的影响。选取60头体重为(131.68±0.62)kg的杜×长×大育肥猪,随机分为3个组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组的饲粮为玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,不添加植酸酶;试验Ⅰ组的饲粮在对照组饲粮基础上降低磷水平(0.35%vs 0.24%)并添加植酸酶(1000 IU/kg),且停用微量元素;试验Ⅱ组的饲粮在试验Ⅰ组饲粮的基础上进一步降低饲粮氮水平(11.09%vs 9.87%)。试验期28 d。结果表明:与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的生长性能、血清钙和磷含量、粗蛋白质表观消化率、肉品质及抗氧化活性等均无显著差异(P>0.05);但是干物质表观消化率分别提高了2.45%和3.00%(P<0.05),粗灰分表观消化率分别提高了69.10%和78.49%(P<0.05);同时粪便粗灰分含量分别下降了12.44%和17.83%(P<0.01),粪便磷含量分别下降了17.31%和21.92%(P<0.01),粪便铜含量分别下降了54.81%和60.25%(P<0.01),粪便锌含量分别下降了71.10%和75.65%(P<0.01)。并且试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组之间的生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪污排放、肉品质及抗氧化活性等均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,育肥后期饲喂停用微量元素的低氮磷玉米-豆粕型饲粮,可以显著提高养分表观消化率,并有效减少粪便磷、铜及锌等的排放,且对猪生长性能和肉品质无负面影响。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low nitrogen and phosphorus corn⁃soybean meal diet on the growth performance,fecal excretion and meat quality of pigs during the post⁃fattening phase.Sixty finishing pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)weighing approximately(131.68±0.62)kg were randomly divided into three groups,the control group,experiment groupⅠ,and experiment groupⅡ,respectively.There were five replicates per group and four pigs for each replicate.The control group received a corn⁃soybean meal basal diet without phytase.Based on the diet of the control group,the experiment groupⅠreceived a diet with phytase supplementation(1000 IU/kg)and phosphorus reduced(0.35%vs 0.24%),but no trace min⁃erals supplementation.Experiment groupⅡreceived a diet with lower nitrogen level based on the diet of exper⁃iment groupⅠ(11.09%vs 9.87%).The whole trial lasted for 28 d.Results showed that compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in growth performance,serum calcium and phosphorus con⁃tents,crude protein apparent digestibility,meat quality,and antioxidant activity of experiment groupⅠand experiment groupⅡ(P>0.05),but dry matter apparent digestibility was increased by 2.45%and 3.00%(P<0.05),while ash apparent digestibility was increased by 69.10%and 78.49%(P<0.05),respectively.Mean⁃while,the fecal ash content was reduced by 12.44%and 17.83%(P<0.01),and the fecal phosphorus content was reduced by 17.31%and 21.92%(P<0.01),and the fecal copper content was reduced by 54.81%and 60.25%(P<0.01),as well as the fecal zinc content was reduced by 71.10%and 75.65%(P<0.01),respec⁃tively.Furthermore,there was no significant difference in growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,fecal excretion,meat quality,or antioxidant activity between experiment groupⅠand experiment groupⅡ(P>0.05).In conclusion,feeding low nitrogen and phosphorus corn⁃soybean meal diet during post⁃fattening phase can significantly improve nutrient apparent digestibility,and effectively reduce the excretion of fecal phosphorus,copper,and zinc without negative affecting growth performance or meat quality of pigs.