古尔班通古特沙漠宽翅菘蓝和四齿芥在沙土和灰漠土中的生长差异

Growth difference of Isatis indigotica and Tetracme recurvata in sandy soil and gray desert of Gurbantunggut

探讨短命植物在不同土壤类型下的适应能力和生存策略,以古尔班通古特沙漠地区的2种优势十字花科短命植物宽翅菘蓝(Isatis violascens)和四齿芥(Tetracme recurvata)为研究对象,分析生长在该地区沙土和灰漠土区域内短命植物的形态特征、营养物质含量分布以及光合色素含量的生长差异。结果表明:(1)2种植物的根际灰漠土有机质、全氮、全磷等含量显著高于根际沙土(P<0.05),且各土壤综合肥力均在1.10~1.30范围内,肥力等级为III级;(2)灰漠土中短命植物株高、鲜重、含水量均显著高于沙土中植物(P<0.05),表明灰漠土中植物具有良好的生长状态;(3)灰漠土中短命植物地上全氮、全钾及地下全氮、全磷、全钾显著高于沙土中植物(P<0.05),表明灰漠土中植物具有较强的氮、磷、钾的储存能力;(4)灰漠土中短命植物叶绿素b显著高于沙土中植物(P<0.05),表明灰漠土中植物具有较高传递光能的能力。综上,不同土壤下短命植物的生长特性具有差异性,土壤养分可能是影响短命植物在多样土壤类型下分布的重要原因。

To explore the adaptive ability and survival strategies of ephemeral plants in different types of soils,the morphological characteristics,nutrient content distribution and photosynthetic pigment contents of ephemeral plants growing in sandy soil and gray desert soil were analyzed,with Isatis violascens and Tetracme recurvata,two dominant species of ephemeral plants in the cruciferous family in Gurbantunggut desert region,as the study objects.The results showed as follows:(1)The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in rhizosphere grey desert soil were significantly higher than those in rhizosphere sandy soil(P<0.05),and the comprehensive fertility of all soils was Grade III,within 1.10 to 1.30.(2)The plant height,fresh weight and water content of ephemeral plants in gray desert soil were significantly higher than those in sandy soil(P<0.05),indicating a good growth state of plants in gray desert soil.(3)The aboveground total nitrogen,total potassium,and subsurface total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium of ephemeral plants in gray desert soil were significantly higher than those in sandy soil(P<0.05),indicating a strong storage capacity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of plants in gray desert soil.(4)The chlorophyll b of ephemeral plants in gray desert soil was significantly higher than that in sandy soil(P<0.05),indicating a higher light energy transfer capacity of plants in gray desert soil.In summary,ephemeral plants have different growth characteristics in different soils,and soil nutrients may be an important factor affecting the distribution of ephemeral plants in various soils.