养老保险水平对农民工主观幸福感的影响——基于消费支出的中介效应

The Impact of Pension Insurance Level on Migrant Workers'Subjective Well-Being:Based on the Mediating Effect of Consumption Expenditure

中国经济发展迈入新平台,更加注重经济发展的质量,增强全体人民的“幸福感与获得感”是高质量发展的重要体现。基于2019年中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),本研究利用倾向得分匹配法,深入探讨了养老保险及其相关水平如何影响农民工的幸福感,并以消费支出为中介,进一步考察了具体的影响机制。研究发现,在我国大力推动普及养老保险的背景下,养老保险的幸福促进效应不明显,而养老保险的相对水平是影响农民工幸福感的重要因素,相对于参加低水平养老保险的农民工,参加高水平养老保险的农民工幸福感高出20.8%-23.8%。同时消费支出在参加高水平养老保险对幸福感的影响中发挥着中介作用,即参加高水平养老保险能够通过促进消费支出来提升农民工的幸福感。对此,研究认为政府要着眼于养老保障的公平性,妥善提升农民工养老保险的保障水平,有效促进农民工的消费支出,增强其幸福感。

As China's economic development enters a new platform,more attention has been paid to the quality of economic development,and enhancing the sense of happiness and accessibility of the entire population is an important manifestation of high-quality development.Based on the 2019 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)data,this study utilizes the propensity score matching method to explore how pension insurance and its related levels affect the well-being of rural migrant workers,and further examines the specific influence mechanism using consumption expenditure as a mediator.The study finds that the happiness-promoting effect of pension insurance is not obvious in the context of China's strong push for universal pension insurance,while the relative level of pension insurance is an important factor affecting the happiness of migrant workers,relative to those who participate in a low level of pension insurance.The happiness of migrant workers who participate in a high level of pension insurance is 20.8%to 23.8%higher.Meanwhile,consumption expenditure plays a mediating role in the effect of participating in a high level of pension insurance on well-being,i.e.,participating in a high level of pension insurance can enhance the well-being of migrant workers by promoting consumption expenditure.In this regard,the study concludes that the government should focus on the fairness of old-age protection,properly raise the level of oldage insurance protection for migrant workers,and effectively promote their consumption expenditures to enhance their sense of well-being.