超越方法论民族主义:从李济中国早期文明研究反观亚欧民族学问题

Beyond Methodological Nationalism:A Review of Ethnological Issues in Eurasia from Li Chi's Study of Early Chinese Civilization

20世纪50年代末,李济重启古史辨时期的中国上古史重建工作,围绕中国早期文明的起源与性质等问题展开讨论。他在自然史进程中架构了中国文明的基本格局,规避了在近代中国民族主义史学问题意识影响下中国整体论述的部分困境。经由其学生张光直的发展,李济中国早期文明论述中的普遍性问题不仅上升为一种社会科学普遍模式,而且超越了方法论民族主义困境。由于李济与张光直均将中国早期文明置于环太平洋文明空间,所以对二人的研究加以申述,有助于在更为广泛的亚欧文明世界中观察中国文明的多元一体格局及其内外关联性。

In the late 1950s,Li Chi restarted the reconstruction of ancient Chinese history in the period of ancient history,and discussed the origin and nature of early Chinese civilization.Li Chi structucted the basic origin and nature of early Chinese civilization in the course of natural history and avoided some of the dilemmas in the overall discourse of the influence of the historical problem consciousness of modern Chinese nationalism.Through the development of his student Kwang-chih Chang,the universality of Li Chi's discussion on early Chinese civilization had not only been elevated to a general model of social science,but also had gone beyond the dilemma of methodological nationalism.Since both Li Chi and Kwang-chih Chang situate early Chinese civilization in the space of Pacific Rim civilization,it is helpful to explain the study of both in detail to observe the pluralistic integrated pattern of Chinese civilization and its internal and external relevance in the wider Eurasia civilizations.