法律的“在场”——本体论转向中法律人类学的实践演变

Law"Presence":The Evolution of the Practices of Legal Anthropology under the Ontological Turn

本体论转向是20世纪90年代以来人类学兴起的重要学术思潮,它影响了法律人类学研究。文章从作为“场上”博弈手段的法律、治理“场域”的法律和社会子系统的法律三个维度的分析入手,指出法律的“在场”即透过法律实践理解和再述法律与社会间的交互关系,是当代西方法律人类学在本体论转向中开展理论创新的基本趋势。由此,文章提出我国法律人类学研究也应注重运用田野调查方法,考察法律在社会关系中的实践,注重以理论视角将二者视为有界存在转变为关系性存在,以中国为主体、以中国经验为基点展开理论探索。

The ontological turn has influenced the research of legal anthropology as an important academic trend of thought in anthropology since the 1990s.Based on the analysis of three dimensions,namely the law as a means of game on the"field",the law governing the"field"and the law of social subsystem,the author of this article indicated that law"presence"was a basic trend of theoretical innovation carried out by contemporary western legal anthropology under the ontological turn and was intended to understand and restate the interaction between law and society through law practice.Hence,it was proposed in the article that the fieldwork methodology should be applied to the research of legal anthropology in China,investigating the practice of law in social relationships.In terms of theory,it needs to highlight the transformation from considering the two as bounded existence to relational existence and get theoretical exploration with China as the main subject and China's experience as the basis.