“揭丑”与“构美”——鲁迅与沈从文乡土小说叙述倾向差异之原因

"Revealing Ugliness" and "Constructing Beauty"——The Generation of Two Narrative Tendencies of Local Novels of Lu Xun and Shen Congwen

现代乡土小说是中国现代文学的重要组成部分。由于不同作者的生活经历、教育背景、语体风格、所采取的写作视角与立场等不同,中国现代乡土小说大体上呈现出两种叙述倾向:以鲁迅为代表的“揭丑”与以沈从文为代表的“构美”。究其原因表现为:社会现实与人生关系的不同立场,启蒙主义思想影响下对过于西方化的不同反拨,农耕文化与中国古典哲学影响下的不同艺术呈现。这三个方面的差异形成了鲁迅与沈从文乡土小说叙述倾向差异之原因。

Chinese modern local novels are an important part of modern Chinese literature.Due to the author's different life experience,educational background,language style,writing perspective and standpoint,the modern Chinese local novels generally show two different narrative tendencies:"revealing ugliness"represented by Lu Xun and"constructing beauty"represented by Shen Congwen.The reasons are as follows:the different positions of the relationship between social reality and life,the different reversal of excessive westernization under the influence of enlightenment thought,and the different artistic presentation under the influence of farming culture and Chinese classical philosophy.The differences in these three aspects form the difference between the narrative tendency of Lu Xun and Shen Congwen's local novels follow.