解构与回应:跨国史方法与丝路城市史的书写

Deconstruction and Response:The Method of Transnational History and the History Writing of Silk Road Cities

跨国史方法通过突出跨国因素在丝路城市发展中的作用,将丝路城市视为更广大背景下跨国力量的产物,进而构建了丝路城市研究的新路径。话语载体的变迁引发对transnational history跨文化借用的疑惑与解构。通过在跨文化背景下讨论“国家”和“跨国”,文章将理论关切视为把握跨国史方法的关键。只有在跨国史视域下才能从整体上把握国家在丝路发展过程中的主导地位,并注意到国家行为的跨国性影响,这就为跨国史方法与丝路城市史的结合提供了立论依据。在此,以交通变迁和贸易离散社群为例,在谈论两者与丝路城市的关系中将抽象的理论关切具象化,对全球史范式中的西方中心论和古史研究中的极简主义做出回应。

The method of transnational history highlights the role of transnational factors in the development of cities along the Silk Road,and regards the Silk Road cities as the product of transnational forces in a broader context,thus constructing a new path for the study of the Silk Road cities.The change of discourse carrier has caused doubts and deconstruction of the cross-cul⁃tural borrowing of transnational history.By discussing“nation”and“trans-nation”in a cross-cultural context,this paper identi⁃fies theoretical concerns as the key to grasping the approach to transnational history.Only from the perspective of transnational history can we grasp the leading position of the country in the development of the Silk Road as a whole,and pay attention to the transnational influence of state behavior,which provides the basis for a theoretical approach to the integration of transnational his⁃tory and urban history of the Silk Road.The paper,taking transportation transition and trade diaspora as examples,discusses the relationship between the two and the Silk Road cities,and materializes abstract theoretical concerns,responding to the Westerncentrism in the global history paradigm and the minimalism in the study of ancient history.