壬辰战争中朝鲜在地两班对援朝明军的认识——以郑庆云《孤台日录》为中心

Understanding of the Ming Army during the Imjin War by the Local Yang Ban Scholar-Bureaucrats--Centered on Jeong Ching-un’s Go Dae Il Nok

壬辰战争期间,活跃于朝鲜庆尚、全罗两道的在地两班郑庆云曾长期参与招募义兵、筹运军粮等活动,在此过程中,他与明军曾有广泛而深入的接触。郑庆云日记《孤台日录》真实地描绘了战争状态下朝鲜地方社会的惨状,保留了明军在朝鲜地方活动的诸多身影。基于朝鲜的事大传统及无力击退日军的现实,郑庆云表现出对明军的期待与感恩;而在实际接触中,他又多次批评辽兵的军纪问题,对南兵则多持肯定态度。总之,郑庆云眼中的明军形象是立体的,并随着其战争经历不断变化。在其个人日记中,不免情绪化表达,但其仍旧能大体对明军做辩证评价。以郑庆云的战争经历为视角,了解明军在朝具体活动及朝鲜士人眼中的明军形象,并分析这些认识产生、变化的原因,可对援朝明军及援朝战争有更全面、清晰的认识,也可由此进一步反思为何现今中韩学界对援朝明军的作用会有明显差异的评价。

During the Imjin War,Jeong Ching-un,a local officer who had been actively participating in recruiting volunteers and managing military supplies,had extensive and in-depth contact with the Ming army.Jeong’s diary,Go Dae Il Nok,vividly depicts the tragic situation of the local society in Korea as well as the activities the Ming army conducted in the War.According to the traditional Sa Dae diplomacy and the reality of being unable to repel the Japanese invasion,Jeong expressed expectations and gratitude for the Ming army.Meanwhile he criticized the military discipline issues of the Liao army,and held a positive attitude towards the Southern army.In short,the image of the Ming army in Jeong’s eyes is three-dimensional and constantly changing with his war experience.Although emotional expressions were inevitable,a general dialectical evaluation of the Ming army was made in Jeong’s personal diary.To understand the specific activities and the image of the Ming army in the eyes of Korean scholar-bureaucrats from the perspective of Jeong Ching-un’s war experience is conductive to studying the Ming army and the Aid Korea War more comprehensively and clearly so that further reflection will be made on why the role of the Ming Army in Imjin War is significantly different among the current Chinese and Korean academic circles.