海洋寡糖酶法制备研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation of Marine Oligosaccharides by Enzymatic Method

海洋寡糖是海洋多糖降解得到的含两个至十个单糖残基的糖类化合物。相较于海洋多糖,海洋寡糖具有水溶性高、生物活性强、易于机体吸收等优点。海洋寡糖有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降低胆固醇、免疫调节等生理活性,可以广泛应用于食品、医药等领域。本文综述了海洋多糖、海洋多糖酶法制备海洋寡糖和酶的催化机制,介绍了褐藻胶、壳聚糖和黄原胶三种主要的海洋多糖,以及褐藻胶裂解酶的β-消除作用机制、壳聚糖酶的置换机制和黄原胶降解酶的降解作用机制。对海洋多糖酶法制备海洋寡糖的不足开展了讨论和未来的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为海洋寡糖制备及应用提供理论依据。

Marine oligosaccharides,which are prepared by degradation of marine polysaccharides,are carbohydrate com-pounds composed of two to ten monosaccharide residues.Compared with marine polysaccharides,marine oligosac-charides have several advantages,such as higher water solubility,stronger biological activity,and easier absorption by the body.Marine oligosaccharides have a series of physiological activities,such as anti-tumor,antioxidation,lowering cho-lesterol,and immunomodulation.They can be widely used in food,medicine,and other fields.This paper summaries marine polysaccharides,preparation of marine oligosaccharides from marine polysaccharides by enzymatic methods,and the catalytic mechanism of the enzymes.Furthermore,three major marine polysaccharides(alginate,chitosan,and xanthan)and the catalytic mechanism of the three enzymes(β-elimination mechanism of alginate lyase,replacement mechanism of chitosanase,and degradation mechanism of xanthan enzyme)are introduced.It is expected to provide a theoretical reference for preparation and application of marine oligosaccharides,deficiencies and potential for future research of preparation of marine oligosaccharides from marine polysaccharides by enzymatic methods are discussed.