在农村发展的整体层面促进农村就业:国外经验与启示

Promoting Rural Employment at Overall Rural Development Level:Policy Experiences and Implications from Other Countries

促进农村就业是推进乡村全面振兴和维持乡村交换系统功能的重要基础。通过发达国家和地区与发展中国家的对比可以发现,成功的农村就业促进政策的核心特征是在农村发展的整体性框架下考虑和设计农村就业促进政策,尤其要重视乡村产业、基础设施和公共服务供给对就业的支撑功能;同时,适应农村发展的需要与人口结构的变化,要将农村就业促进的目标定位于促进农村劳动力高质量充分就业,而非仅仅定位于扶贫或提供基础性生存保障,并不断推动农村就业促进政策创新。借鉴国外经验,国内农村就业促进政策要在促进农村劳动力高质量充分就业的总体导向下,兼顾“就地就近就业”和“外出转移就业”的双重目标,基于农村发展乃至县域城乡融合发展大局进行整体性政策设计,并重点支持立足于农村一二三产业融合发展的乡村数字化就业岗位的开发。

Promoting rural employment is the basis of comprehensively promote rural revitalization and maintain the exchange function of countryside.The comparison between developed and developing countries on rural employment promotion policy suggested that,designing rural employment promotion policy at overall rural development level especially emphasized the importance support function of rural industries,infrastructure and public services on rural employment,is the core feature of a really successful rural employment promotion policy.In the meantime,adapting to the changes of demographic structure and the need of rural development,the aim of rural employment promotion policy should be targeted at helping labors to realize full employment of high quality in countryside,not only at poverty alleviation or basic existence insurance,and governments should innovate rural employment promotion policy continually.Drawn lessons from foreign experience,the paper propose that governments at all levels should design rural employment promotion policies holistically on the basis of rural development and even County urban-rural integrative development.Meanwhile,helping rural labors to realize full employment of high quality both in countryside and in urban should be the ultimate policy objective.In addition,governments should put more emphasis on developing rural digital employment positions,based on the integrated development of the primary,secondary,and tertiary industries in rural areas.